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Revisiting Opportunism in Civil Conflict: Natural Resource Extraction and Health Care Provision

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  • Justin Conrad
  • Liana Eustacia Reyes
  • Megan A. Stewart

Abstract

What is the relationship between natural resources and rebel governance? Previous studies have argued that resource rich groups have fewer incentives to provide social services. We argue, however, that even well-funded rebels may have incentives to provide some social services to civilians. Specifically, rebel groups profiting from the extraction of natural resources should be more likely to offer health care services as a means of ensuring a dependable civilian workforce than groups who do not profit from natural resources. Using data on both the extraction of natural resources and social service provision by rebel groups, we find strong empirical evidence to support our argument. We conclude with implications for scholars and policymakers.

Suggested Citation

  • Justin Conrad & Liana Eustacia Reyes & Megan A. Stewart, 2022. "Revisiting Opportunism in Civil Conflict: Natural Resource Extraction and Health Care Provision," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 66(1), pages 91-114, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:66:y:2022:i:1:p:91-114
    DOI: 10.1177/00220027211025597
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Halvor Mehlum & Karl Moene & Ragnar Torvik, 2006. "Institutions and the Resource Curse," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 116(508), pages 1-20, January.
    2. Mara Redlich Revkin, 2021. "Competitive Governance and Displacement Decisions Under Rebel Rule: Evidence from the Islamic State in Iraq," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 65(1), pages 46-80, January.
    3. Eli Berman & Jacob N. Shapiro & Joseph H. Felter, 2011. "Can Hearts and Minds Be Bought? The Economics of Counterinsurgency in Iraq," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 119(4), pages 766-819.
    4. Halvor Mehlum & Karl Moene & Ragnar Torvik, 2006. "Cursed by Resources or Institutions?," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(8), pages 1117-1131, August.
    5. Kalyvas, Stathis N. & Balcells, Laia, 2010. "International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 104(3), pages 415-429, August.
    6. Salehyan, Idean & Siroky, David & Wood, Reed M., 2014. "External Rebel Sponsorship and Civilian Abuse: A Principal-Agent Analysis of Wartime Atrocities," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 68(3), pages 633-661, July.
    7. Stewart, Megan A., 2018. "Civil War as State-Making: Strategic Governance in Civil War," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 72(1), pages 205-226, January.
    8. Robinson, James A. & Torvik, Ragnar & Verdier, Thierry, 2006. "Political foundations of the resource curse," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(2), pages 447-468, April.
    9. Zachariah Mampilly & Megan A. Stewart, 2021. "A Typology of Rebel Political Institutional Arrangements," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 65(1), pages 15-45, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Yufei & Liao, Zhongju, 2023. "Functional industrial policy mechanism under natural resource conflict: A case study on the Chinese new energy vehicle industry," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).

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