IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/jocore/v37y1993i2p382-396.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Symmetry and Reciprocity in South Africa's Foreign Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Koos van Wyk
  • Sarah Radloff

    (Rhodes University, South Africa)

Abstract

This is a replication of Richardson, Kegley, and Agnew's cross-national study focusing on symmetry and reciprocity as characteristics of dyadic foreign policy behavior. Our study applied similar scaling (WEIS) and statistical techniques to analyze the dyadic relations of a single country, South Africa. Both studies produced much in common, that is, the degree of quantitative symmetry in the most active dyads is rather evenly spread from high to low; and affective compatibility is very common with respect to the direction (cooperation or conflictive) of bilateral foreign policy behavior. However, intensity of affect is very seldom reciprocal. The differences in the two studies were that symmetry and reciprocity were more significantly related for the single-country dyads than those of the cross-national study; and nonreciprocal affective intensity characterizes cooperative relations more generally than it does conflictive relations in the cross-national study. For South African dyads this was not the case.

Suggested Citation

  • Koos van Wyk & Sarah Radloff, 1993. "Symmetry and Reciprocity in South Africa's Foreign Policy," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 37(2), pages 382-396, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:37:y:1993:i:2:p:382-396
    DOI: 10.1177/0022002793037002007
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022002793037002007
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/0022002793037002007?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. McGinnis, Michael D. & Williams, John T., 1989. "Change and Stability in Superpower Rivalry," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 83(4), pages 1101-1123, December.
    2. Keohane, Robert O., 1986. "Reciprocity in international relations," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 40(1), pages 1-27, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Will H. Moore, 1995. "Action-Reaction or Rational Expectations?," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 39(1), pages 129-167, March.
    2. William R. Thompson, 1995. "Principal Rivalries," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 39(2), pages 195-223, June.
    3. Senti Richard, 2006. "Argumente für und wider die Reziprozität in der WTO – Die Reziprozität als merkantilistisches Erbe in der geltenden Welthandelsordnung / The merits of reciprocity in the WTO," ORDO. Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, De Gruyter, vol. 57(1), pages 315-340, January.
    4. Jin Mun Jeong & Dursun Peksen, 2019. "Domestic Institutional Constraints, Veto Players, and Sanction Effectiveness," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 63(1), pages 194-217, January.
    5. Glenn Palmer & Archana Bhandari, 2000. "The Investigation of Substitutability in Foreign Policy," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 44(1), pages 3-10, February.
    6. Matera Paulina & Matera Rafał, 2019. "Why does cooperation work or fail? The case of EU-US sanction policy against Iran," Croatian International Relations Review, Sciendo, vol. 25(85), pages 30-62, November.
    7. Andrea Gerlak & Jonathan Lautze & Mark Giordano, 2011. "Water resources data and information exchange in transboundary water treaties," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 11(2), pages 179-199, May.
    8. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/6881 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Johannes Urpelainen, 2012. "How Does Democratic Accountability Shape International Cooperation?," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 29(1), pages 28-55, February.
    10. Elena A. KOROSTELEVA, 2013. "Evaluating the role of partnership in the European Neighbourhood Policy: the Eastern neighbourhood," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 4, pages 11-36, December.
    11. Michael D. Ward & Sheen Rajmaira, 1992. "Reciprocity and Norms in U.S.-Soviet Foreign Policy," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 36(2), pages 342-368, June.
    12. James Reilly, 2017. "China’s economic statecraft in Europe," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 173-185, June.
    13. Mrityunjay Kumar & Ayesha Fatma & Nalin Bharti, 2022. "Access to Medicines and Medical Equipment during COVID-19: Searching Compatibility between the WTO and the WHO," India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs, , vol. 78(1), pages 68-87, March.
    14. Rotillon, Gilles & Tazdait, Tarik & Zeghni, Sylvain, 1996. "Bilateral or multilateral bargaining in the face of global environmental change?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 177-187, August.
    15. Johannes Urpelainen, 2011. "Domestic reform as a rationale for gradualism in international cooperation," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 23(3), pages 400-427, July.
    16. Patrick J. Haney & Roberta Q. Herzberg & Rick K. Wilson, 1992. "Advice and Consent," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 36(4), pages 603-633, December.
    17. Velibor JAKOVLESKI, 2015. "Changing From Within? The Intra-Organizational Dynamics Of Eu Enlargement," Europolity – Continuity and Change in European Governance - New Series, Department of International Relations and European Integration, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, vol. 9(2), pages 1-28.
    18. Luis Alfonso Dau & Elizabeth M Moore & William Newburry, 2020. "The grass is always greener: The impact of home and host country CSR reputation signaling on cross-country investments," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 3(2), pages 154-182, June.
    19. T. Clifton Morgan & Glenn Palmer, 2000. "A Model of Foreign Policy Substitutability," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 44(1), pages 11-32, February.
    20. John T. Williams & Michael D. McGinnis, 1992. "The Dimension of Superpower Rivalry," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 36(1), pages 86-118, March.
    21. Viktor Stojkoski & Philipp Koch & Eva Coll & César A. Hidalgo, 2024. "Estimating digital product trade through corporate revenue data," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:jocore:v:37:y:1993:i:2:p:382-396. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://pss.la.psu.edu/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.