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Assessing Inter-rater Reliability With Heterogeneous Variance Components Models: Flexible Approach Accounting for Contextual Variables

Author

Listed:
  • Patrícia Martinková

    (Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Charles University)

  • FrantiÅ¡ek BartoÅ¡

    (Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, University of Amsterdam)

  • Marek Brabec

    (Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

Inter-rater reliability (IRR), which is a prerequisite of high-quality ratings and assessments, may be affected by contextual variables, such as the rater’s or ratee’s gender, major, or experience. Identification of such heterogeneity sources in IRR is important for the implementation of policies with the potential to decrease measurement error and to increase IRR by focusing on the most relevant subgroups. In this study, we propose a flexible approach for assessing IRR in cases of heterogeneity due to covariates by directly modeling differences in variance components. We use Bayes factors (BFs) to select the best performing model, and we suggest using Bayesian model averaging as an alternative approach for obtaining IRR and variance component estimates, allowing us to account for model uncertainty. We use inclusion BFs considering the whole model space to provide evidence for or against differences in variance components due to covariates. The proposed method is compared with other Bayesian and frequentist approaches in a simulation study, and we demonstrate its superiority in some situations. Finally, we provide real data examples from grant proposal peer review, demonstrating the usefulness of this method and its flexibility in the generalization of more complex designs.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrícia Martinková & FrantiÅ¡ek BartoÅ¡ & Marek Brabec, 2023. "Assessing Inter-rater Reliability With Heterogeneous Variance Components Models: Flexible Approach Accounting for Contextual Variables," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 48(3), pages 349-383, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jedbes:v:48:y:2023:i:3:p:349-383
    DOI: 10.3102/10769986221150517
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tiago M. Fragoso & Wesley Bertoli & Francisco Louzada, 2018. "Bayesian Model Averaging: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Classification," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 86(1), pages 1-28, April.
    2. Patrícia Martinková & Dan Goldhaber & Elena Erosheva, 2018. "Disparities in ratings of internal and external applicants: A case for model-based inter-rater reliability," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(10), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Rüdiger Mutz & Lutz Bornmann & Hans-Dieter Daniel, 2012. "Heterogeneity of Inter-Rater Reliabilities of Grant Peer Reviews and Its Determinants: A General Estimating Equations Approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(10), pages 1-10, October.
    4. Hjort N.L. & Claeskens G., 2003. "Frequentist Model Average Estimators," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 98, pages 879-899, January.
    5. Goldhaber, Dan & Grout, Cyrus & Wolff, Malcolm & Martinková, Patrícia, 2021. "Evidence on the Dimensionality and Reliability of Professional References’ Ratings of Teacher Applicants," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    6. Jeffrey N. Rouder & Richard D. Morey, 2019. "Teaching Bayes’ Theorem: Strength of Evidence as Predictive Accuracy," The American Statistician, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 73(2), pages 186-190, April.
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