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Using Cluster Random Assignment to Measure Program Impacts

Author

Listed:
  • Howard S. Bloom

    (Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation)

  • Johannes M. Bos

    (Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation)

  • Suk-Won Lee

    (New York University)

Abstract

This article explores the possibility of randomly assigning groups (or clusters) of individuals to a program or a control group to estimate the impacts of programs designed to affect whole groups. This cluster assignment approach maintains the primary strength of random assignment—the provision of unbiased impact estimates—but has less statistical power than random assignment of individuals, which usually is not possible for programs focused on whole groups. To explore the statistical implications of cluster assignment, the authors (a) outline the issues involved, (b) present an analytic framework for studying these issues, and (c) apply this framework to assess the potential for using the approach to evaluate education programs targeted on whole schools. The findings suggest that cluster assignment of schools holds some promise for estimating the impacts of education programs when it is possible to control for the average performance of past student cohorts or the past performance of individual students.

Suggested Citation

  • Howard S. Bloom & Johannes M. Bos & Suk-Won Lee, 1999. "Using Cluster Random Assignment to Measure Program Impacts," Evaluation Review, , vol. 23(4), pages 445-469, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:evarev:v:23:y:1999:i:4:p:445-469
    DOI: 10.1177/0193841X9902300405
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David H. Greenberg & Philip K. Robins, 1986. "The changing role of social experiments in policy analysis," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 5(2), pages 340-362.
    2. Jeffrey E. Harris, 1985. "Macroexperiments versus Microexperiments for Health Policy," NBER Chapters, in: Social Experimentation, pages 145-186, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Howard S. Bloom & Larry L. Orr & Stephen H. Bell & George Cave & Fred Doolittle & Winston Lin & Johannes M. Bos, 1997. "The Benefits and Costs of JTPA Title II-A Programs: Key Findings from the National Job Training Partnership Act Study," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 32(3), pages 549-576.
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