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The two and half minute walk: Fast charging of electric vehicles and the economic value of walkability

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  • Bardia Mashhoodi

    (TUDelft, The Netherlands; 2860Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; Gebouw 8, The Netherlands)

  • Arjan van Timmeren

    (TUDelft, The Netherlands; 2860Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; AMS Institute, The Netherlands)

  • Nils van der Blij

    (TUDelft, The Netherlands; 2860Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands)

Abstract

The number of electric vehicles in the Netherlands has sharply increased over the past decade. This has caused a need for the allocation of a substantial amount of new electric vehicle chargers around the country, which in turn has been acknowledged by a variety of legislative bodies. However, the approach of how these new charging infrastructures need to be spatially distributed has yet to be decided, including the distance that an electric vehicle charger could be allocated from the final destination of its driver. The hypothesis of this study is that if residents walk a longer distance to/from these charging stations, the chargers could be shared by a greater number of electric vehicle owners, and the total cost of the new charging infrastructure could be reduced. By using linear integer programming, the minimum cost of allocating new fast-charging stations in a central, densely populated area of Amsterdam, accounting for 7% of the city’s population, is calculated. The results show that if residents were to walk for five minutes (roughly 400 metres) instead of two and half minutes (roughly 200 metres), the overall cost of new electric vehicle chargers could be reduced by more than 1 million euros. The study also found that both the cost of new charging stations and their efficiency of use are vastly affected by the portion of the charging infrastructure that is saved for people visiting the area. The findings of this study are discussed in detail, including the proposal of potential further studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Bardia Mashhoodi & Arjan van Timmeren & Nils van der Blij, 2021. "The two and half minute walk: Fast charging of electric vehicles and the economic value of walkability," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 48(4), pages 638-654, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envirb:v:48:y:2021:i:4:p:638-654
    DOI: 10.1177/2399808319885383
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sadeghi-Barzani, Payam & Rajabi-Ghahnavieh, Abbas & Kazemi-Karegar, Hosein, 2014. "Optimal fast charging station placing and sizing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 289-299.
    2. Brandstätter, Georg & Kahr, Michael & Leitner, Markus, 2017. "Determining optimal locations for charging stations of electric car-sharing systems under stochastic demand," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 17-35.
    3. San Román, Tomás Gómez & Momber, Ilan & Abbad, Michel Rivier & Sánchez Miralles, Álvaro, 2011. "Regulatory framework and business models for charging plug-in electric vehicles: Infrastructure, agents, and commercial relationships," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(10), pages 6360-6375, October.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Sikder, Sujit Kumar & Nagarajan, Magesh & Mustafee, Navonil, 2023. "Augmenting EV charging infrastructure towards transformative sustainable cities: An equity-based approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).

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