IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/envirb/v36y2009i4p725-740.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Explaining Changes in Walking and Bicycling Behavior: Challenges for Transportation Research

Author

Listed:
  • Kevin J Krizek

    (College of Architecture and Planning, University of Colorado, Campus Box 126 POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA)

  • Susan L Handy

    (Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis, 2132 Wickson Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

  • Ann Forsyth

    (City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, 106 West Sibley Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA)

Abstract

As issues of traffic congestion, obesity, and environmental conservation receive increased attention globally and in the US, focus turns to the role that walking and cycling can play in mitigating such problems. This enthusiasm has created a need for evidence on the degree to which policies to increase walking and cycling travel have worked. This paper outlines the important challenges researchers face in their attempts to produce credible evidence on walking and cycling interventions. It closes by discussing matters to consider in such research endeavors, including the importance of clear conceptualization, sound research design, measurement innovations, and strategic sampling.

Suggested Citation

  • Kevin J Krizek & Susan L Handy & Ann Forsyth, 2009. "Explaining Changes in Walking and Bicycling Behavior: Challenges for Transportation Research," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 36(4), pages 725-740, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envirb:v:36:y:2009:i:4:p:725-740
    DOI: 10.1068/b34023
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/b34023
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1068/b34023?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    2. Cervero, R. & Duncan, M., 2003. "Walking, Bicycling, and Urban Landscapes: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(9), pages 1478-1483.
    3. Jonathan E. Hughes & Christopher R. Knittel & Daniel Sperling, 2008. "Evidence of a Shift in the Short-Run Price Elasticity of Gasoline Demand," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 29(1), pages 113-134.
    4. Pucher, John & Komanoff, Charles & Schimek, Paul, 1999. "Bicycling renaissance in North America?: Recent trends and alternative policies to promote bicycling," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 33(7-8), pages 625-654.
    5. Pucher, J. & Dijkstra, L., 2003. "Promoting Safe Walking and Cycling to Improve Public Health: Lessons from The Netherlands and Germany," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(9), pages 1509-1516.
    6. Cervero, Robert & Duncan, Michael, 2003. "Walking, Bicycling, and Urban Landscapes: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt6zr1x95m, University of California Transportation Center.
    7. Rietveld, Piet & Daniel, Vanessa, 2004. "Determinants of bicycle use: do municipal policies matter?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 38(7), pages 531-550, August.
    8. Pikora, Terri & Giles-Corti, Billie & Bull, Fiona & Jamrozik, Konrad & Donovan, Rob, 2003. "Developing a framework for assessment of the environmental determinants of walking and cycling," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 56(8), pages 1693-1703, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Vedel, Suzanne Elizabeth & Jacobsen, Jette Bredahl & Skov-Petersen, Hans, 2017. "Bicyclists’ preferences for route characteristics and crowding in Copenhagen – A choice experiment study of commuters," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 53-64.
    2. Nkurunziza, Alphonse & Zuidgeest, Mark & Brussel, Mark & Van Maarseveen, Martin, 2012. "Examining the potential for modal change: Motivators and barriers for bicycle commuting in Dar-es-Salaam," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 249-259.
    3. Lundberg, Benjamin & Weber, Joe, 2014. "Non-motorized transport and university populations: an analysis of connectivity and network perceptions," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 165-178.
    4. Bongiorno, Christian & Santucci, Daniele & Kon, Fabio & Santi, Paolo & Ratti, Carlo, 2019. "Comparing bicycling and pedestrian mobility: Patterns of non-motorized human mobility in Greater Boston," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    5. Neutens, Tijs & Delafontaine, Matthias & Schwanen, Tim & Weghe, Nico Van de, 2012. "The relationship between opening hours and accessibility of public service delivery," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 128-140.
    6. Heechul Kim & Seungho Yang, 2017. "Neighborhood Walking and Social Capital: The Correlation between Walking Experience and Individual Perception of Social Capital," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-16, April.
    7. Md. Kamruzzaman & Simon Washington & Douglas Baker & Wendy Brown & Billie Giles-Corti & Gavin Turrell, 2016. "Built environment impacts on walking for transport in Brisbane, Australia," Transportation, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 53-77, January.
    8. Rodriguez-Valencia, Alvaro & Rosas-Satizábal, Daniel & Gordo, Daniel & Ochoa, Andrés, 2019. "Impact of household proximity to the cycling network on bicycle ridership: The case of Bogotá," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Marc Schlossberg & Deb Johnson-Shelton & Cody Evers & Geraldine Moreno-Black, 2015. "Refining the grain: using resident-based walkability audits to better understand walkable urban form," Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 260-278, September.
    10. Md. Kamruzzaman & Simon Washington & Douglas Baker & Wendy Brown & Billie Giles-Corti & Gavin Turrell, 2016. "Built environment impacts on walking for transport in Brisbane, Australia," Transportation, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 53-77, January.
    11. Rybarczyk, Greg & Gallagher, Laura, 2014. "Measuring the potential for bicycling and walking at a metropolitan commuter university," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1-10.
    12. Zhao, Chunli & Nielsen, Thomas Alexander Sick & Olafsson, Anton Stahl & Carstensen, Trine Agervig & Meng, Xiaoying, 2018. "Urban form, demographic and socio-economic correlates of walking, cycling, and e-biking: Evidence from eight neighborhoods in Beijing," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 102-112.
    13. Skov-Petersen, Hans & Jacobsen, Jette Bredahl & Vedel, Suzanne Elizabeth & Thomas Alexander, Sick Nielsen & Rask, Simon, 2017. "Effects of upgrading to cycle highways - An analysis of demand induction, use patterns and satisfaction before and after," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 203-210.
    14. Song, Yena & Preston, John & Ogilvie, David, 2017. "New walking and cycling infrastructure and modal shift in the UK: A quasi-experimental panel study," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 320-333.
    15. Bram Boettge & Damon M. Hall & Thomas Crawford, 2017. "Assessing the Bicycle Network in St. Louis: A PlaceBased User-Centered Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-18, February.
    16. Brand, Christian & Goodman, Anna & Ogilvie, David, 2014. "Evaluating the impacts of new walking and cycling infrastructure on carbon dioxide emissions from motorized travel: A controlled longitudinal study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 284-295.
    17. Watson, Matt, 2012. "How theories of practice can inform transition to a decarbonised transport system," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 488-496.
    18. Zhao, Chunli & Carstensen, Trine Agervig & Nielsen, Thomas Alexander Sick & Olafsson, Anton Stahl, 2018. "Bicycle-friendly infrastructure planning in Beijing and Copenhagen - between adapting design solutions and learning local planning cultures," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 149-159.
    19. Brown, Vicki & Diomedi, Belen Zapata & Moodie, Marj & Veerman, J. Lennert & Carter, Rob, 2016. "A systematic review of economic analyses of active transport interventions that include physical activity benefits," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 190-208.
    20. Nielsen, Thomas Alexander Sick & Skov-Petersen, Hans, 2018. "Bikeability – Urban structures supporting cycling. Effects of local, urban and regional scale urban form factors on cycling from home and workplace locations in Denmark," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 36-44.
    21. Todor Stojanovski, 2019. "Urban Form and Mobility Choices: Informing about Sustainable Travel Alternatives, Carbon Emissions and Energy Use from Transportation in Swedish Neighbourhoods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-28, January.
    22. Cooper, Crispin H.V., 2017. "Using spatial network analysis to model pedal cycle flows, risk and mode choice," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 157-165.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Verma, Meghna & Rahul, T.M. & Vinayak, Pragun & Verma, Ashish, 2018. "Influence of childhood and adulthood attitudinal perceptions on bicycle usage in the Bangalore city," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 94-105.
    2. Vandenbulcke, Grégory & Dujardin, Claire & Thomas, Isabelle & Geus, Bas de & Degraeuwe, Bart & Meeusen, Romain & Panis, Luc Int, 2011. "Cycle commuting in Belgium: Spatial determinants and 're-cycling' strategies," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 45(2), pages 118-137, February.
    3. Spencer, Phoebe & Watts, Richard & Vivanco, Luis & Flynn, Brian, 2013. "The effect of environmental factors on bicycle commuters in Vermont: influences of a northern climate," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 11-17.
    4. Lin, Jen-Jia & Wei, Yi-Hsuan, 2018. "Assessing area-wide bikeability: A grey analytic network process," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 381-396.
    5. Senes, Giulio & Rovelli, Roberto & Bertoni, Danilo & Arata, Laura & Fumagalli, Natalia & Toccolini, Alessandro, 2017. "Factors influencing greenways use: Definition of a method for estimation in the Italian context," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 175-187.
    6. Santos, Georgina & Behrendt, Hannah & Teytelboym, Alexander, 2010. "Part II: Policy instruments for sustainable road transport," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 46-91.
    7. Hochmair, Hartwig H. & Bardin, Eric & Ahmouda, Ahmed, 2019. "Estimating bicycle trip volume for Miami-Dade county from Strava tracking data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 58-69.
    8. Iwińska, Katarzyna & Blicharska, Malgorzata & Pierotti, Livia & Tainio, Marko & de Nazelle, Audrey, 2018. "Cycling in Warsaw, Poland – Perceived enablers and barriers according to cyclists and non-cyclists," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 291-301.
    9. Zhao, Pengjun & Li, Shengxiao, 2017. "Bicycle-metro integration in a growing city: The determinants of cycling as a transfer mode in metro station areas in Beijing," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 46-60.
    10. Jina Mahmoudi & Lei Zhang, 2020. "Impact of the Built Environment Measured at Multiple Levels on Nonmotorized Travel Behavior: An Ecological Approach to a Florida Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-39, October.
    11. Braun, Lindsay M. & Rodriguez, Daniel A. & Cole-Hunter, Tom & Ambros, Albert & Donaire-Gonzalez, David & Jerrett, Michael & Mendez, Michelle A. & Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. & de Nazelle, Audrey, 2016. "Short-term planning and policy interventions to promote cycling in urban centers: Findings from a commute mode choice analysis in Barcelona, Spain," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 164-183.
    12. Acheampong, Ransford A. & Siiba, Alhassan, 2018. "Examining the determinants of utility bicycling using a socio-ecological framework: An exploratory study of the Tamale Metropolis in Northern Ghana," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1-10.
    13. Dandan Xu & Yang Bian & Shinan Shu, 2020. "Research on the Psychological Model of Free-floating Bike-Sharing Using Behavior: A Case Study of Beijing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, April.
    14. Millward, Hugh & Spinney, Jamie & Scott, Darren, 2013. "Active-transport walking behavior: destinations, durations, distances," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 101-110.
    15. Vandenbulcke, Grégory & Thomas, Isabelle & de Geus, Bas & Degraeuwe, Bart & Torfs, Rudi & Meeusen, Romain & Int Panis, Luc, 2009. "Mapping bicycle use and the risk of accidents for commuters who cycle to work in Belgium," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 77-87, March.
    16. Umer Mansoor & Mohammad Tamim Kashifi & Fazal Rehman Safi & Syed Masiur Rahman, 2022. "A review of factors and benefits of non-motorized transport: a way forward for developing countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 1560-1582, February.
    17. Mahdi Rashidi & Seyed-Mohammad Seyedhosseini & Ali Naderan, 2023. "Defining Psychological Factors of Cycling in Tehran City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, February.
    18. Lake Sagaris, 2010. "From sustainable transport development to active citizenship and participatory democracy: The experience of Living City in Chile," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 34(4), pages 275-288, November.
    19. Cui, Yuchen & Mishra, Sabyasachee & Welch, Timothy F., 2014. "Land use effects on bicycle ridership: a framework for state planning agencies," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 220-228.
    20. de Jong, Tineke & Fyhri, Aslak, 2023. "Spatial characteristics of unpleasant cycling experiences," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:envirb:v:36:y:2009:i:4:p:725-740. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.