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Explaining Changes in Walking and Bicycling Behavior: Challenges for Transportation Research

Author

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  • Kevin J Krizek

    (College of Architecture and Planning, University of Colorado, Campus Box 126 POB 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA)

  • Susan L Handy

    (Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis, 2132 Wickson Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

  • Ann Forsyth

    (City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, 106 West Sibley Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA)

Abstract

As issues of traffic congestion, obesity, and environmental conservation receive increased attention globally and in the US, focus turns to the role that walking and cycling can play in mitigating such problems. This enthusiasm has created a need for evidence on the degree to which policies to increase walking and cycling travel have worked. This paper outlines the important challenges researchers face in their attempts to produce credible evidence on walking and cycling interventions. It closes by discussing matters to consider in such research endeavors, including the importance of clear conceptualization, sound research design, measurement innovations, and strategic sampling.

Suggested Citation

  • Kevin J Krizek & Susan L Handy & Ann Forsyth, 2009. "Explaining Changes in Walking and Bicycling Behavior: Challenges for Transportation Research," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 36(4), pages 725-740, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envirb:v:36:y:2009:i:4:p:725-740
    DOI: 10.1068/b34023
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Vedel, Suzanne Elizabeth & Jacobsen, Jette Bredahl & Skov-Petersen, Hans, 2017. "Bicyclists’ preferences for route characteristics and crowding in Copenhagen – A choice experiment study of commuters," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 53-64.
    2. Nkurunziza, Alphonse & Zuidgeest, Mark & Brussel, Mark & Van Maarseveen, Martin, 2012. "Examining the potential for modal change: Motivators and barriers for bicycle commuting in Dar-es-Salaam," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 249-259.
    3. Lundberg, Benjamin & Weber, Joe, 2014. "Non-motorized transport and university populations: an analysis of connectivity and network perceptions," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 165-178.
    4. Bongiorno, Christian & Santucci, Daniele & Kon, Fabio & Santi, Paolo & Ratti, Carlo, 2019. "Comparing bicycling and pedestrian mobility: Patterns of non-motorized human mobility in Greater Boston," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    5. Neutens, Tijs & Delafontaine, Matthias & Schwanen, Tim & Weghe, Nico Van de, 2012. "The relationship between opening hours and accessibility of public service delivery," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 128-140.
    6. Heechul Kim & Seungho Yang, 2017. "Neighborhood Walking and Social Capital: The Correlation between Walking Experience and Individual Perception of Social Capital," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-16, April.
    7. Md. Kamruzzaman & Simon Washington & Douglas Baker & Wendy Brown & Billie Giles-Corti & Gavin Turrell, 2016. "Built environment impacts on walking for transport in Brisbane, Australia," Transportation, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 53-77, January.
    8. Rodriguez-Valencia, Alvaro & Rosas-Satizábal, Daniel & Gordo, Daniel & Ochoa, Andrés, 2019. "Impact of household proximity to the cycling network on bicycle ridership: The case of Bogotá," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Marc Schlossberg & Deb Johnson-Shelton & Cody Evers & Geraldine Moreno-Black, 2015. "Refining the grain: using resident-based walkability audits to better understand walkable urban form," Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 260-278, September.
    10. Md. Kamruzzaman & Simon Washington & Douglas Baker & Wendy Brown & Billie Giles-Corti & Gavin Turrell, 2016. "Built environment impacts on walking for transport in Brisbane, Australia," Transportation, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 53-77, January.
    11. Rybarczyk, Greg & Gallagher, Laura, 2014. "Measuring the potential for bicycling and walking at a metropolitan commuter university," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1-10.
    12. Zhao, Chunli & Nielsen, Thomas Alexander Sick & Olafsson, Anton Stahl & Carstensen, Trine Agervig & Meng, Xiaoying, 2018. "Urban form, demographic and socio-economic correlates of walking, cycling, and e-biking: Evidence from eight neighborhoods in Beijing," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 102-112.
    13. Skov-Petersen, Hans & Jacobsen, Jette Bredahl & Vedel, Suzanne Elizabeth & Thomas Alexander, Sick Nielsen & Rask, Simon, 2017. "Effects of upgrading to cycle highways - An analysis of demand induction, use patterns and satisfaction before and after," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 203-210.
    14. Song, Yena & Preston, John & Ogilvie, David, 2017. "New walking and cycling infrastructure and modal shift in the UK: A quasi-experimental panel study," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 320-333.
    15. Bram Boettge & Damon M. Hall & Thomas Crawford, 2017. "Assessing the Bicycle Network in St. Louis: A PlaceBased User-Centered Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-18, February.
    16. Brand, Christian & Goodman, Anna & Ogilvie, David, 2014. "Evaluating the impacts of new walking and cycling infrastructure on carbon dioxide emissions from motorized travel: A controlled longitudinal study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 284-295.
    17. Watson, Matt, 2012. "How theories of practice can inform transition to a decarbonised transport system," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 488-496.
    18. Zhao, Chunli & Carstensen, Trine Agervig & Nielsen, Thomas Alexander Sick & Olafsson, Anton Stahl, 2018. "Bicycle-friendly infrastructure planning in Beijing and Copenhagen - between adapting design solutions and learning local planning cultures," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 149-159.
    19. Brown, Vicki & Diomedi, Belen Zapata & Moodie, Marj & Veerman, J. Lennert & Carter, Rob, 2016. "A systematic review of economic analyses of active transport interventions that include physical activity benefits," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 190-208.
    20. Nielsen, Thomas Alexander Sick & Skov-Petersen, Hans, 2018. "Bikeability – Urban structures supporting cycling. Effects of local, urban and regional scale urban form factors on cycling from home and workplace locations in Denmark," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 36-44.
    21. Todor Stojanovski, 2019. "Urban Form and Mobility Choices: Informing about Sustainable Travel Alternatives, Carbon Emissions and Energy Use from Transportation in Swedish Neighbourhoods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-28, January.
    22. Cooper, Crispin H.V., 2017. "Using spatial network analysis to model pedal cycle flows, risk and mode choice," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 157-165.

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