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The Spatial Arrangement of Urban Activities: A Simultaneous Location Model

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  • J Odland

    (Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA)

Abstract

The spatial patterns of urban activities are treated as the outcome of a balance between economic conditions that reward spatial concentration of employment activity on the one hand but favor spatial dispersion of residences on the other. The balance between these two sets of conditions is mediated by the cost of commuting. These three elements are formalized in terms of a mathematical-programming model that determines simultaneously the location patterns of employment, residential activity, and commuting. The solution conditions lead to a single-equation model which estimates the distances between zones in a city on the basis of their residential and employment densities. This version is fitted to data for four US cities. Estimates derived from the single-equation model can be resolved into two-dimensional maps of the zones by multidimensional scaling, and maps of the four cities, based on the estimated equations, are obtained and compared with the actual maps of the cities. The results indicate that the estimated parameters are congruent with the actual spatial arrangements of the cities.

Suggested Citation

  • J Odland, 1976. "The Spatial Arrangement of Urban Activities: A Simultaneous Location Model," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 8(7), pages 779-791, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:8:y:1976:i:7:p:779-791
    DOI: 10.1068/a080779
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alan W. Evans, 1973. "The Economics of Residential Location," Palgrave Macmillan Books, Palgrave Macmillan, number 978-1-349-01889-5, March.
    2. Roger Shepard, 1962. "The analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with an unknown distance function. II," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 27(3), pages 219-246, September.
    3. J. Kruskal, 1964. "Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 29(1), pages 1-27, March.
    4. Siegel, Jay, 1975. "Intrametropolitan migration: A simultaneous model of employment and residential location of white and black households," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 29-47, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alireza Salahi Moghadam & Ali Soltani & Bruno Parolin, 2018. "Transforming and changing urban centres: the experience of Sydney from 1981 to 2006," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 37-53, March.
    2. Catherine Baumont & Françoise Bourdon, 2002. "Centres secondaires et recomposition économique des espaces urbains," Working Papers hal-01544523, HAL.
    3. BAUMONT, Catherine & BOURDON, Françoise, 2002. "Centres secondaires et recomposition économique des espaces urbains.Le cas de la Communauté de l'Agglomération Dijonnaise (1990 ; 1999)," LATEC - Document de travail - Economie (1991-2003) 2002-04, LATEC, Laboratoire d'Analyse et des Techniques EConomiques, CNRS UMR 5118, Université de Bourgogne.
    4. Andre de Palma & Yorgos Y. Papageorgiou, 1989. "Toward an Endogenous Central Place Theory," Discussion Papers 828, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.

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