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Microbial approaches for remediation of pollutants: Innovations, future outlook, and challenges

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  • Bishwambhar Mishra
  • Sunita Varjani
  • Gopalakrishnan Kumar
  • Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
  • Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi
  • Raveendran Sindhu
  • Parameswaran Binod
  • Eldon R Rene
  • Zengqiang Zhang

Abstract

Environmental contamination with persistent organic pollutants has emerged as a serious threat of pollution. Bioremediation is a key to eliminate these harmful pollutants from the environment and has gained the interest of researchers during the past few decades. Scientific knowledge upon microbial interactions with individual pollutants over the past decades has helped to abate environmental pollution. Traditional bioremediation approaches have limitations for their applications; hence, it is essential to discover new bioremediation approaches with biotechnological interventions for best results. The developments in various methodologies are expected to increase the efficiency of bioremediation techniques and provide environmentally sound strategies. This paper deals with the profiling of microorganisms present in polluted sites using various techniques such as culture-based approaches and omics-based approaches. Besides this, it also provides up-to-date scientific literature on the microbial electrochemical technologies which are nowadays considered as the best approach for remediation of pollutants. Detailed information about future outlook and challenges to evaluate the effect of various treatment technologies for remediation of pollutants has been discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Bishwambhar Mishra & Sunita Varjani & Gopalakrishnan Kumar & Mukesh Kumar Awasthi & Sanjeev Kumar Awasthi & Raveendran Sindhu & Parameswaran Binod & Eldon R Rene & Zengqiang Zhang, 2021. "Microbial approaches for remediation of pollutants: Innovations, future outlook, and challenges," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(6), pages 1029-1058, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:engenv:v:32:y:2021:i:6:p:1029-1058
    DOI: 10.1177/0958305X19896781
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zulema Borjas & Juan Manuel Ortiz & Antonio Aldaz & Juan Feliu & Abraham Esteve-Núñez, 2015. "Strategies for Reducing the Start-up Operation of Microbial Electrochemical Treatments of Urban Wastewater," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Thi Dong Phuong Nguyen & Duc Huy Nguyen & Jun Wei Lim & Chih-Kai Chang & Hui Yi Leong & Thi Ngoc Thu Tran & Thi Bich Hau Vu & Thi Trung Chinh Nguyen & Pau Loke Show, 2019. "Investigation of the Relationship between Bacteria Growth and Lipid Production Cultivating of Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris in Seafood Wastewater," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-12, June.
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