Review on methodological and normative advances in assessment and estimation of wind energy

In this study, we present a review of articles that address the state of the art in wind energy from different perspectives, specifically focusing on the criteria used for wind energy assessment and wind turbine standards, along with an overview of the technologies necessary to make reliable Wind Power-Grid penetration more efficient. Wind power dynamics are also considered from the perspective of their intermittency and the nature of wind speed variability in order to establish appropriate sampling times for measurements and monitoring. The literature discussed is representative of the technological and methodological advances dedicated to the development, adaptation and application of statistical, computational, numerical and artificial intelligence tools for an assessment of wind energy and wind power forecasting. These applications and methodologies commonly use data registers measured in very short, short, medium and long-term measurement campaigns. Finally, literature on wind power social, environmental and economic policies and trends in costs-capacity-addition and their impact are reviewed from a global perspective. In light of today’s concerns with global warming, it is essential that wind energy interact steadily on the grid with experienced operators and high automatic-control technology worldwide.