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Kyoto, Efficiency, and Cost-Effectiveness: Applications of FUND

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  • Richard S.J. Tol

Abstract

In this paper various emission reduction scenarios are evaluated with FUND-the Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation, and Distribution model. The aim is to help international negotiators improve upon the Kyoto Protocol. International cooperation in greenhouse gas emission reduction is important, and the more of it the better. The emission reduction targets as agreed in the Kyoto Protocol are irreconcilable with economic rationality. If the targets nevertheless need to be met, it is better to start emission reduction sooner than later in order to minimise costs. Methane emission reduction may be an important instrument to reduce costs.
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  • Richard S.J. Tol, 1999. "Kyoto, Efficiency, and Cost-Effectiveness: Applications of FUND," The Energy Journal, , vol. 20(1_suppl), pages 131-156, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:enejou:v:20:y:1999:i:1_suppl:p:131-156
    DOI: 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol20-NoSI-6
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    2. Mckibbin, W.J. & Wilcoxen, P.J., 1992. "The Global Costs of Policies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Papers 97, Brookings Institution - Working Papers.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Kyoto protocol; FUND model; Climate policy technology; Permits carbon dioxide (CO2); Methane (CH4);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F0 - International Economics - - General

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