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Changes in Racial and Gender Inequality since 1970

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  • C. Matthew Snipp
  • Sin Yi Cheung

Abstract

The decades following 1970 to the present were an important period because they marked an era in which measures such as Affirmative Action were introduced to improve opportunities for American minorities and women. Ironically, this also was a period when income inequality dramatically increased in the United States. We analyze Census data from 1970 to 2009 to assess whether inequality in the earnings received by women and minorities has changed in this period. We find a complicated set of results. Racial inequalities persist though to a lesser extent than they did four decades earlier. Asian workers in particular have seen improvements and a lessening of inequality relative to White workers. Gender inequality also persists, though more in some groups than others. Overall, the results of this study underscore the persistence of racial and gender inequality in the United States.

Suggested Citation

  • C. Matthew Snipp & Sin Yi Cheung, 2016. "Changes in Racial and Gender Inequality since 1970," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 663(1), pages 80-98, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:anname:v:663:y:2016:i:1:p:80-98
    DOI: 10.1177/0002716215596959
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mary Corcoran & Greg J. Duncan, 1979. "Work History, Labor Force Attachment, and Earnings Differences between the Races and Sexes," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 14(1), pages 3-20.
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    2. Randall Akee & Sonya R. Porter & Emilia Simeonova, 2024. "Earnings Inequality and Immobility for Hispanics and Asians: An Examination of Variation across Subgroups," NBER Chapters, in: Race, Ethnicity, and Economic Statistics for the 21st Century, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Doux Baraka Kusinza, 2024. "Are American Women more Deprived than Men ?," DeFiPP Working Papers 2404, University of Namur, Development Finance and Public Policies.
    4. Schaerer, Michael & du Plessis, Christilene & Nguyen, My Hoang Bao & van Aert, Robbie C.M. & Tiokhin, Leo & Lakens, Daniël & Giulia Clemente, Elena & Pfeiffer, Thomas & Dreber, Anna & Johannesson, Mag, 2023. "On the trajectory of discrimination: A meta-analysis and forecasting survey capturing 44 years of field experiments on gender and hiring decisions," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).

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