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Estimates of bank-level funding costs in South Africa

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  • Tim Olds
  • Daan Steenkamp

Abstract

We develop a new dataset of bank-level balance sheets data to estimate bank-level funding costs. These estimates are useful for monitoring of funding pressures and other risks to the banking sector as well as understanding the impact of prudential regulations and market conditions on the transmission of monetary policy. We show that bank funding cost spreads are materially higher now than before the Global Financial Crisis of 2008, in spite of lower interest rates. During the Covid-19 crisis, we show that aggregate funding costs have fallen in level (i.e. percentage) terms, but that funding costs have increased when expressed relative to reference rates. We show that the relative cost of raising deposits has increased, as deposit rates have not fallen by as much as the repurchase rate and other money market rates.

Suggested Citation

  • Tim Olds & Daan Steenkamp, 2021. "Estimates of bank-level funding costs in South Africa," ERSA Working Paper Series, Economic Research Southern Africa, vol. 0.
    • Handle: RePEc:rza:ersawp:v::y:2021:i::id:67
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Miss Rita Babihuga & Marco Spaltro, 2014. "Bank Funding Costs for International Banks," IMF Working Papers 2014/071, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Mpho Rapapali & Daan Steenkamp, 2020. "Developments in bank funding costs in South Africa," Working Papers 9818, South African Reserve Bank.
    3. Geweke, J, 1993. "Bayesian Treatment of the Independent Student- t Linear Model," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 8(S), pages 19-40, Suppl. De.
    4. Jason Wong, 2012. "Bank funding – the change in composition and pricing," Reserve Bank of New Zealand Bulletin, Reserve Bank of New Zealand, vol. 75, pages 15-24, June.
    5. Eyollan Naidoo & Mukelani Nkuna & Daan Steenkamp, 2020. "Developments in debt issuance costs of South African banks," Working Papers 10157, South African Reserve Bank.
    6. Luchelle Soobyah & Daan Steenkamp, 2020. "Term premium and rate expectation estimates from the South African yield curve," Working Papers 9998, South African Reserve Bank.
    7. Beau, Emily & Hill, John & Hussain, Tanveer & Nixon, Dan, 2014. "Bank funding costs: what are they, what determines them and why do they matter?," Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, Bank of England, vol. 54(4), pages 370-384.
    8. Kapuściński, Mariusz & Stanisławska, Ewa, 2018. "Measuring bank funding costs in the analysis of interest rate pass-through: Evidence from Poland," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 288-300.
    9. Bevan Cook & Daan Steenkamp, 2018. "Funding cost pass-through to mortgage rates," Reserve Bank of New Zealand Analytical Notes series AN2018/02, Reserve Bank of New Zealand.
    10. Maurin, Laurent & Galiay, Artus, 2015. "Drivers of banks' cost of debt and long-term benefits of regulation - an empirical analysis based on EU banks," Working Paper Series 1849, European Central Bank.
    11. Illes, Anamaria & Lombardi, Marco J. & Mizen, Paul, 2019. "The divergence of bank lending rates from policy rates after the financial crisis: The role of bank funding costs," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 117-141.
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    Cited by:

    1. Greenwood-Nimmo, Matthew & Steenkamp, Daan & van Jaarsveld, Rossouw, 2024. "A bank-level analysis of interest rate pass-through in South Africa," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    2. Erasmus, Ruan & Steenkamp, Daan, 2022. "South Africa’s yield curve conundrum," MPRA Paper 115398, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Mpho Rapapali & Daan Steenkamp, 2020. "Developments in bank funding costs in South Africa," Working Papers 9818, South African Reserve Bank.
    4. Ricardo Hausmann & Federico Sturzenegger & Patricio Goldstein & Frank Muci & Douglas Barrios, 2022. "Macroeconomic risks after a decade of microeconomic turbulence: South Africa (2007-2020)," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2022-3, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    5. Howard Diesel & Mukelani Nkuna & Tim Olds & Daan Steenkamp, 2022. "ThecostofcomplyingwithBaselIIIliquidityregulationsforSouthAfricanbanks," Working Papers 11032, South African Reserve Bank.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    bank funding costs; composition of funding; financial market conditions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D4 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
    • D47 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Market Design
    • E40 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - General
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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