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Croissance, inégalités et pauvreté au sein des pays émergents : le cas des BRICS

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  • Porras, Laila

Abstract

Les cinq pays qui forment les BRICS (Brésil, Russie, Inde, Chine et Afrique du Sud) se singularisent, dans les années 2000, à la fois par une forte croissance économique – liée au processus de transformation économique et plus précisément d’ouverture commerciale et financière – ainsi que par une diminution de la pauvreté. Mais malgré ces évolutions communes, nous relevons une diversité des chemins concernant la dynamique croissance-inégalités au sein de ce groupe. Pour tous les pays à l’exception du Brésil, la croissance s’est accompagnée d’une hausse des inégalités de revenus. De surcroît, cette montée des inégalités s’est produite dans des situations variées et selon des mécanismes très différents. Nous pouvons observer que l’évolution des inégalités de revenus est influencée par une multitude de facteurs – le cadre économique global dans lequel un pays conduit son intégration dans l’économie mondiale peut, en effet, emprunter différentes voies. En fonction du sentier emprunté, les évolutions des inégalités peuvent s’opposer et apparaissent largement dépendantes des politiques nationales de transformation et des politiques sociales adoptées. Les effets liés à la mondialisation ne peuvent donc pas expliquer à eux seuls la montée ou la diminution des inégalités. Après avoir décrit, dans une perspective d’étude comparative, la dynamique croissance-inégalités-pauvreté propre à chaque pays au sein des BRICS, cette étude analysera l’évolution des différentes trajectoires nationales empruntées. Elle proposera également des facteurs explicatifs du changement des inégalités pour chaque pays.

Suggested Citation

  • Porras, Laila, 2015. "Croissance, inégalités et pauvreté au sein des pays émergents : le cas des BRICS," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 18.
    • Handle: RePEc:rvr:journl:2015:11480
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    BRICS; mondialisation; inégalités de revenus; pauvreté; transformation économique; BRICS; globalization; economic transformation; income inequality; poverty; BRICS; mundialización; desigualdades de ingresos; pobreza; transformación económica;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • P52 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems - - - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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