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Taux d'intérêt réels élevés dans le monde et crédibilité des autorités monétaires

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  • Eric Dubois

Abstract

[fre] L'élévation du niveau des taux d'intérêt réels au cours des années quatre- vingt est souvent attribuée, soit à une baisse des taux d'épargne désirés, privé et public, soit à une augmentation de la demande d'investissement ex-ante, imputable à une augmentation présumée de la profitabilité. Cependant, si les autorités monétaires ne sont pas parfaitement crédibles, une hausse des taux d'in- térêt à court terme, impulsée par les autorités monétaires, peut persister et avoir des effets eux aussi persistants sur le niveau des taux d'intérêt réels à long terme. Des résultats économétriques confirment que les taux d'intérêt réels à court terme constituent un déterminant important des taux d'intérêt réels de long terme. En outre des tests d'exogénéité montrent que ce résultat n'est pas imputable à un ajustement simultané des deux types de taux à des chocs communs, mais que les taux d'intérêt réels à court terme sont prédéterminés par rapport aux taux à long terme. Par ailleurs, les coefficients estimés de l'équation de taux d'intérêt réels sont invariants par rapport aux grandes modifications d'orientation de la politique monétaire qui sont intervenues au cours des années soixante-dix et quatre-vingt. Ces résultats sont bien cohérents avec l'interprétation selon laquelle des autorités monétaires incomplètement crédibles peuvent susciter des hausses de taux d'intérêt réel à long terme quand elles entreprennent des politiques monétaires restrictives. [eng] The rise in long term real interest rates that occured in the eighties is often ascribed to either a decline in the ex-ante saving rate, both private and public, or to a surge in ex-ante investment demand, due to a presumed rise in profitability. If however monetary authorities are not perfectly credible, then a rise in short term real interest rates, impulsed by monetary authorities, can be persistent and lead to a persistent rise in real long term interest rates. Indeed econometric results confirm that short term real interest rates play a significant role in the explanation of long term real interest rates. Moreover exogeneity tests show that this result is not due to the adjustment of both types of real interest rates to the same shocks, but that short term real interest rates are predetermined with regard to long term ones, while the coefficients of the estimated equation for long term real interest rates are invariant to the various modifications of the monetary reaction function that occured during the seventies and the eighties. These results are consistent with the interpretation that imperfectly credible authorities cause long term interest rates rise when they embark in a restrictive monetary policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Dubois, 1998. "Taux d'intérêt réels élevés dans le monde et crédibilité des autorités monétaires," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(1), pages 89-122.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rfreco:rfeco_0769-0479_1998_num_13_1_1041
    DOI: 10.3406/rfeco.1998.1041
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rfeco.1998.1041
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