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Préférences dépendantes du contexte : une analyse expérimentale

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  • Marc Willinger
  • Claude Jessua

Abstract

[fre] Sur la base d'observations expérimentales, nous montrons que le contexte de choix, défini comme l'ensemble des options de choix possibles, exerce une influence déterminante sur les préférences des agents. L'adjonction d'une alterna­tive supplémentaire à un ensemble initial de choix possibles peut conduire les agents à inverser leurs relations de préférence. Cette observation, réalisée dans le cas de comparaisons entre des loteries simples à trois conséquences, contredit l'« axiome des alternatives non pertinentes », selon lequel la relation de préfé­rence entre deux alternatives ne dépend pas des autres alternatives disponibles dans l'ensemble de choix. Par contre, l'hypothèse d'un effet de dominance asy­métrique observé dans des études similaires est infirmée dans le cas de préféren­ces entre des loteries. [eng] We show that the context of choice, defined as the choice set, influences the preferences expressed by experimental subjects. Making available an additional option in the choice set, can induce reversals in preference judgements. We observe such changes for preferences among lotteries, which contradict the axiom of irrelevant alternatives. But the asymétrie dominance effect, observed in similar studies is also rejected.

Suggested Citation

  • Marc Willinger & Claude Jessua, 1996. "Préférences dépendantes du contexte : une analyse expérimentale," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 47(3), pages 577-587.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1996_num_47_3_409794
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1996.409794
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1996.409794
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    1. Daniel Kahneman & Amos Tversky, 2013. "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Leonard C MacLean & William T Ziemba (ed.), HANDBOOK OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING Part I, chapter 6, pages 99-127, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    2. Camerer, Colin F, 1989. "An Experimental Test of Several Generalized Utility Theories," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 61-104, April.
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