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L'avenir du régime de retraite français : les enseignements d'un modèle à générations imbriquées

Author

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  • Thierry Chauveau
  • Rahim Loufir

Abstract

[fre] L'avenir du régime de retraite français. Les enseignements d'un modèle à générations imbriquées. . À l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable à générations imbriquées de l'économie française, nous examinons les conséquences de trois mesures susceptibles de limiter la hausse prévisible des cotisations retraite : une baisse du taux de remplacement, le recul de l'âge légal de départ à la retraite ou la mise en place d'un fonds de régulation. Dans le scénario de référence, comme dans les variantes, la transition démographique est analogue à celle décrite dans les projections officielles. Il apparaît que le maintien du système actuel demeure envisageable dans la mesure où l'augmentation du prélèvement sur les actifs au profit des retraités est compensée, au moins partiellement, par la diminution de l'importance relative du nombre d'enfants à élever et des charges d'éducation correspondantes. Ce maintien semble, néanmoins, peu souhaitable en raison du risque démographique et du manque d'équité du système actuel apprécié à l'aide du rap­port entre les prestations actualisées perçues par une génération et les cotisations actualisées qu'elle verse. Au regard de ce simple critère actuariel, c'est la variante « fonds » — assimilable à de la capitalisation obligatoire et transitoire — qui semble la plus séduisante ; elle aurait, parai/leurs, des effets macro-économiques très limités. Si l'on adopte un point de vue d'équilibre général, c'est, au contraire, la variante « recul de l'âge de la retraite » qui semble surclasser les autres, tant au niveau des agrégats par tête qu'en termes de bien-être social, mais ce résultat n'est obtenu qu'au prix d'hypothèses assez fortes. Cette variante pénalise par ailleurs assez durement, en matière d'équité actuarielle, les générations qui sont aujourd'hui sur le marché du travail. À noter, enfin, qu'une diminution du taux de remplacement aurait des effets intermédiaires. [eng] The future of the french public pension system : some lessons from a dynamic overlapping generations model. . A dynamic computable general equilibrium model with overlapping generations is used to appraise the consequences, in France, of three social security policies : a cut in the replacement rate, an increase in retirement age, and the creation of a trahsitory fund. Whatever the scenario, the demographie transition is assumed to be close to the one described in officiai prospects. The main results are the following : maitaining the current System remains a reasonable option since slump should not occur during the transition period. Nevertheless, this option may seem undesirable, because of the demographie risk and the lack of equity (appraised with respect to a simple actuariat criterion, the ratio of the present value of pensions received by a generation over the present value of its social contributions) of the current pensions System. According to this criterion, the « fund » option appears to be the fairest. From a general equilibrium point of view, the scenario « increasing the legal retirement age » seems to dominate ail other options when macroe-conomic outcomes (e.g per capita aggregates) or social welfare are considered. Never- theless these results hold under restrictive assumptions Finally cut in the replacement rate would have intermediate effects

Suggested Citation

  • Thierry Chauveau & Rahim Loufir, 1994. "L'avenir du régime de retraite français : les enseignements d'un modèle à générations imbriquées," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 45(3), pages 789-804.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1994_num_45_3_409569
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1994.409569
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1994.409569
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Steigum, E.Jr., 1992. "Accounting for Long-Run Effects of Fiscal Policy by Means of Computable Overlapping Generations Models," Papers 05-92, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration-.
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    1. Thierry Chauveau & Rahim Loufir, 1995. "L'avenir des régimes publics de retraite dans les pays du G7," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 52(1), pages 49-103.

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