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Émergence du marché concurrentiel et évolutionnisme chez Hayek

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  • Ragip Ege

Abstract

[fre] Émergence du marché concurrentiel et évolutionnisme chez Hayek. . Le trait le plus caractéristique de l'épistémologie hayékienne réside dans son parti pris sans réserve pour le point de vue évolutionniste contre le dogmatisme du rationalisme constructiviste. Selon Hayek, seule une méthode évolutionniste peut effectivement rendre compte de la genèse des ordres spontanés comme le marché concurrentiel. L'ordre du marché concurrentiel se met en place lorsque les hommes apprennent à obéir aux règles de conduite générales, abstraites, non finalisées. Un tel apprentissage suppose fondamentalement la liberté individuelle, c'est-à-dire la capacité de l'individu à déterminer en toute indépendance les fins qu'il poursuit. Or les propres réflexions de Hayek révèlent que la liberté individuelle au sens moderne du terme constitue une invention récente dont l'analyse résiste à une approche évolutionniste. Un certain constructivisme est expressément requis pour rendre compte de la discontinuité qu'introduit la liberté moderne dans l'histoire. [eng] Emergence of the competitive market and evolutionism in Hayek'swork. . The most characteristical feature of the hayekian epistemology consists in its full adhesion to the evolutionary point of view as opposed to the dogmatism of the constructivist rationalism. According to Hayek, only an evolutionary methodology allows the analysis of the genesis of spontaneous orders as competitive market. The competitive market order appears when people learn to obey to general, end-independent abstract rules conduct. Such a learning supposes, fundamentally, the individual's ability which is individual's ability to determine autonomously bis aims. Hayek's own considerations reveal however that individual liberty, in the modem sense, represents a recent invention the analysis of which resists to an evolutionary approach. A certain constructivist approach is expressly required to take into account the discontinuity that modem liberty introduces in the history.

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  • Ragip Ege, 1992. "Émergence du marché concurrentiel et évolutionnisme chez Hayek," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(6), pages 1007-1036.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1992_num_43_6_409412
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    1. Vanberg, Viktor, 1986. "Spontaneous Market Order and Social Rules," Economics and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 2(1), pages 75-100, April.
    2. Jean Arrous, 1990. "Socialisme et planification : O. Lange et F.A. von Hayek," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 5(2), pages 61-84.
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