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La raison du protectionnisme : politique budgétaire et contrainte extérieure

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  • André Lapidus
  • Mariette Tonnel-Martinache

Abstract

[fre] La raison du protectionnisme. Politique budgétaire et contrainte extérieure *. . L'objectif de cet article est d'évaluer les conceptions néo-protectionnistes développées par la Nouvelle École de Cambridge. Une première section étudie, dans le cadre d'un modèle à n pays, le rôle de la contrainte extérieure dans l'explication de la dépression mondiale. Elle met en évidence le caractère insatisfaisant des équilibres non coopératifs obtenus avant d'envisager un processus dynamique où chaque pays utilise l'instrument budgétaire afin d'atteindre un objectif interne d'emploi sous contrainte de balance des paiements. L'absence de coopération, l'insuffisance des incitations et la défaillance des mécanismes spontanés d'ajustement conduisent alors, dans une deuxième section, à étudier les propriétés d'un modèle en temps continu où le protectionnisme constitue l'un des instruments de la politique économique. On montre que le processus qu'il décrit est globalement quasi stable et tend vers une solution stationnaire caractérisée, pour chaque pays, par l'absence de sous-emploi keynésien et l'équilibre de la balance des paiements. Si un tel résultat n'autorise pas à affirmer la validité générale de l'argumentation néo­protectionniste, au moins permet-il de délimiter le contexte macro-économique qui lui donne un sens. [eng] Fiscal policy and external constraint : the case for protectionism. . The purpose of this article is to assess the neo-protectionist conceptions developed by the New Cambridge School. The first section studies, within the framework of an n-country model, the role of the external constraint in world recession. It further highlights the non-satisfactory character of the resulting non-cooperative equilibria, before considering a dynamic process whereby each country uses the fiscal instrument in order to reach an internal objective of employment under the constraint of the balance of payments. The lack of co-operation, the insufficiency of incentives and the failure of spontaneous adjustment mechanisms thus lead, in the second section, to an examination of the properties of a continuous lime model in which protectionism constitutes one of the instruments of economic policy. It is here shown that the process that such a model describes is globally quasi-stable and tends to a stationary solution characterised, for each country, by the absence of Keynesian underemployment and by the equilibrium of the balance of payments. If such a resuit does not authorize the general validity of neo-protectionist reasoning, it does at least allow a delimitation of the macro-economic context in which lies its justification.. 604

Suggested Citation

  • André Lapidus & Mariette Tonnel-Martinache, 1990. "La raison du protectionnisme : politique budgétaire et contrainte extérieure," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 41(3), pages 547-580.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1990_num_41_3_409222
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1990.409222
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1990.409222
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