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Sur la théorie des modèles inter-industriels : quelques remarques appliquées à l'analyse de l'emploi et du commerce international

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  • François Rocherieux

Abstract

[fre] L'approche Input-Output est un instrument privilégié dans l'analyse des interdépendances entre emplois et commerce international. Plusieurs modélisations sont possibles et il importe d'en examiner les justifications et les conséquences. Une comparaison formelle et empirique axée sur le traitement des flux importés, ques­tion centrale dans ce domaine, montre que les diverses spécifications des modèles ne sont, ni neutres, ni équivalentes, du point de vue de la mesure économique. Toute mesure renvoie en effet, pour son interprétation, à la nature des filières de production et donc, à la représentation du système de division du travail. Dans une économie aux débouchés et aux filières internationalisés, un modèle séparant les flux de productions selon leurs origines est dès lors, particulièrement nécessaire pour tester les hypothèses théoriques de la structuration du commerce exté­rieur, et plus généralement, pour l'analyse de l'affectation de l'emploi. En s'appuyant sur la réalité des interdépendances internes du système productif, un tel modèle autorise, par ses propriétés, une flexibilité appréciable en matière de mesure, et permet d'élargir l'analyse traditionnelle des rapports entre spécialisation internationale et emploi, à la prise en compte de la destination macro-économique des importations ; une illustration est présentée en conclusion. [eng] On input-output models theory : . Some remarks applied to employment. And international trade analysis. François Rocherieux. Input-Output approach is a privileged instrument for the analysis of employment and foreign trade interrelationship. Several ways of modelling are possible and it is necessary to examine their justification and consequences. A formal and empirical comparison focused on imported flows treatment, a crucial matter in this field, shows that thé différent possible spécifications are neither neutral nor équivalent from an économie measurement point of view: Indeed, any measure refers for interpretation, to the type of " production channels " and therefore to the representation of the division of labour system. In an economy where ouflets and branches are internationalized, a model in which the flows of production are separated according to their origins, is especially needed to provide a test of theoretical hypothèses as far as foreign trade structuralization, and more generally, employment allocation are concerned. On the basis of real interdependences of the production system, and considering its properties, such a model allows for an appreciable flexibility in measurement, and permits an extension of classical analysis of international specialization and employment relationship, so as to include the macro-economic ends of imports uses, an example of which is given in conclusion.

Suggested Citation

  • François Rocherieux, 1981. "Sur la théorie des modèles inter-industriels : quelques remarques appliquées à l'analyse de l'emploi et du commerce international," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 32(5), pages 887-922.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1981_num_32_5_408622
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1981.408622
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1981.408622
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Baldwin, Robert E, 1971. "Determinants of the Commodity Structure of U.S. Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 61(1), pages 126-146, March.
    2. Batra, Raveendra N & Casas, Francisco R, 1973. "Intermediate Products and the Pure Theory of International Trade: A Neo-Heckscher-Ohlin Framework," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 63(3), pages 297-311, June.
    3. François Vellas, 1980. "Qualification du travail et structure du commerce extérieur français," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 31(1), pages 34-66.
    4. Raveendra N. Batra, 1973. "Pure Intermediate Products," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Studies in the Pure Theory of International Trade, chapter 8, pages 180-201, Palgrave Macmillan.
    5. Der, William, 1979. "Multi-Intermediate-Goods Trade: The Gains and a Heckscher-Ohlin Analysis," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 69(4), pages 575-586, September.
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