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Qualification du travail et structure du commerce extérieur français

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  • François Vellas

Abstract

[eng] Labour skills and french foreign trade structure. . The analysis of labour skill structure in French foreign trade allows tests on the international trade theory of labour qualification. The use of Input-Output techni­ques permits to assesd the labour content required for exports and replacement production for imports for nine different standards of labour skill structure.. The results show a deficit in thé totality of French exchanges for skilled work (mainly engineers and technicians). In counterpart, when bilateral exchanges are taken into account, the results can be qualified and they corroborate the theory of labour qualification. The intensity of skilled labour in exports to the United-States, West Germany and the United Kingdom (richer in skilled workers) is inferior to that of imports. One vérifies the opposite relation in bilateral exchanges with U.S.S.R., Morocco and Tunidia.. Therefore, the international theory of labour qualification seems to be relevant for bilateral trade. But it does not seem to be sufficient to explain the causes of international specialization of total trade, especially in the case of intermediate countries such as France trading both with more developed countries richer in skilled work and with less developed countries richer in unskilled work. [fre] L'analyse de la structure en qualification du travail du commerce extérieur français permet d'effectuer des tests de la théorie des qualifications d'emplois. L'utilisation des techniques Input-Output permet de déterminer les contenus en travail des exportations et des productions de remplacement des importations, pour neuf niveaux de qualifications.. Les résultats obtenus montrent un déficit des échanges totaux de la France en travail qualifié (principalement ingénieurs et techniciens). En revanche, la prise en cdrnpte des relations bilatérales permet de nuancer ces résultats et apporte une confirmation à la théorie des qualifications d'emplois. L'intensité en travail qualifié des exportations vers les Etats-Unis, l'Allemagne Fédérale et le Royaume-Uni (plus riches en travail qualifié) est inférieure à celle des importations. La relation inverse est constatée dans les échanges bilatéraux avec l'URSS, le Maroc et la Tunisie.. Dès lors, il semble que la théorie des qualifications d'emplois soit appropriée au commerce bilatéral. En revanche, elle né paraît pas susceptible d'expliquer les causes de la spécialisation internationale du commerce total, principalement dans le cas des pays intermédiaires tels que la France qui commerce à la fois avec des pays plus développés et plus riches en travail qualifié et avec des pays moins développés et plus riches en travail banal.

Suggested Citation

  • François Vellas, 1980. "Qualification du travail et structure du commerce extérieur français," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 31(1), pages 34-66.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1980_num_31_1_408512
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. repec:bla:econom:v:36:y:1969:i:144:p:389-99 is not listed on IDEAS
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    1. François Rocherieux, 1981. "Sur la théorie des modèles inter-industriels : quelques remarques appliquées à l'analyse de l'emploi et du commerce international," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 32(5), pages 887-922.
    2. Julien Savary, 1981. "La France dans la division internationale du travail : une approche par l'investissement direct international," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 32(4), pages 713-753.

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