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Entreprises multinationales et politiques nationales sur les marchés agricoles mondiaux

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  • Margherita Scoppola

Abstract

[fre] Les politiques nationales ont influencé les schémas habituels en matière d'investissement au sein des multinationales qui transforment et commercialisent des produits agricoles. Le présent article étudie la façon dont les politiques et la fiscalité agricoles ont contribué à déterminer les lieux d'implantation des entreprises commercialisant et transformant des céréales et des oléagineux, où quelques multinationales contrôlent 85 % des marchés mondiaux. Dans les industries de transformation primaire, les entreprises ont investi dans les pays qui protégeaient leur marché national, tandis que dans l'industrie du négoce, elles ont investi dans leurs capacités exportatrices (importatrices), dans des pays qui subventionnaient les exportations (les importations) agricoles. La réforme des politiques agricoles risque fort d'entraîner un redéploiement mondial des investissements, fondée sur la comparaison des avantages plus que sur lesdites politiques. [eng] Multinational firms and national policies in the agricultural world markets . National policies have affected the investment's pattern of multinational firms, which trade and process agricultural products. The paper examines how agricultural policies and taxation have contributed to determine the location of firms in the grain and oilseeds trading and processing industries, where few multinational control 85 % of world markets, in first processing industries, firms have invested in countries protecting domestic markets, white in the trading industry, firms have invested in exporting (importing) capacity in countries subsidising agricultural exports (imports). The reform of agricultural polices is likely to induce a world-wide reallocation of investments, determined more by comparative advantages than by policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Margherita Scoppola, 1996. "Entreprises multinationales et politiques nationales sur les marchés agricoles mondiaux," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 234(1), pages 54-57.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1996_num_234_1_4806
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1996.4806
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1996.4806
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    1. Caves, Richard E. & Pugel, Thomas A., 1982. "New Evidence on Competition in the Grain Trade," Food Research Institute Studies, Stanford University, Food Research Institute, vol. 18(3), pages 1-14.
    2. Scoppola, Margherita, 1995. "Multinationals and agricultural policy in the EC and USA," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 11-25, February.
    3. Hugh J. Ault & David F. Bradford, 1990. "Taxing International Income: An Analysis of the US System and Its Economic Premises," NBER Chapters, in: Taxation in the Global Economy, pages 11-52, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Margherita Scoppola, 1993. "Trade policies and the strategies of multinationals in the international grain market," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 9(3), pages 189-204.
    5. Caves, Richard E., 1977. "Organization, Scale, and Performance of the Grain Trade," Food Research Institute Studies, Stanford University, Food Research Institute, vol. 16(3), pages 1-18.
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