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Emploi, chômage et non-activité : une analyse des transitions sur le marché du travail allemand

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  • Christoph M. Schmidt

Abstract

[fre] Les rigidités du marché du travail sont souvent avancées pour en expliquer les dysfonctionnements, et notamment le niveau élevé de chômage que connaissent encore les économies européennes. Le marché du travail allemand présenterait ainsi nombre de rigidités comme, par exemple, le manque de souplesse de la durée du travail, la réglementation stricte des licenciements ou encore la trop grande générosité du système d’indemnisation du chômage. En réalité, il reste difficile d’apprécier exactement le rôle que joue la contrainte réglementaire sur l’évolution du marché du travail allemand. Une analyse empirique sur une dizaine d’années (1983-1994) du taux de chômage et des flux mensuels entre les trois états principaux sur le marché du travail que sont l’emploi, le chômage et la non-activité montre une grande hétérogénéité selon l’âge, le sexe et le niveau de formation. Une comparaison avec les marchés du travail français et américain indique aussi que les taux de chômage selon ces catégories sont plus faibles en Allemagne. La mobilité mesurée par les transitions d’un état à un autre sur le marché du travail est proche de celle que connaissent les travailleurs français mais est moins élevée qu’aux États-Unis. Comparé au marché français, le marché du travail allemand ne semble donc pas excessivement rigide mais les différences qui le distinguent du marché du travail américain, très fluide, restent cependant importantes.

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  • Christoph M. Schmidt, 2000. "Emploi, chômage et non-activité : une analyse des transitions sur le marché du travail allemand," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 332(1), pages 83-95.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2000_num_332_1_7541
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2000.7541
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2000.7541
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