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Le niveau de vie relatif des personnes âgées

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  • Jean-Michel Hourriez
  • Bernard Legris

Abstract

[eng] The Relative Standard of Living among Senior Citizens . Do pensioners have a higher or lower standard of living than those in employment? In the early 1970s, their standard of living was definitely lower. Yet since the mid-1 980s, there has been no clear-cut answer to this question. The "standard of living of the over 60s" to the "standard of living of the under 60s" ratio is close to unity . and its value depends a great deal on the choices of concepts, methods and sources. It is estimated to have been approximately 1 .1 in 1990: senior citizens were slightly better off than the average, mainly because they often had revenue-bearing assets.. The income-by-age curve does not actually reveal a contrast between working and retired people. It rather shows a difference between three age groups. The youngest group of under-40s currently has the lowest standard of living and their relative situation has constantly deteriorated since the mid-1 970s. On the other end of the . scale, the 40 to 70 year olds have become the most well-off on average although substantial disparities are to be found between them. Lastly, the oldest - and especially widows - still have a fairly low standard of living even . though their purchasing power is steadily rising, In all events, pensioners have expressed satisfaction with their financial situation since the mid-1980s. Their . resources appear to be relatively assured. Moreover, financial expenses decrease at the end of the life course. [fre] Le niveau de vie relatif des personnes âgées . Le niveau de vie des retraités est-il inférieur ou supérieur à celui des actifs ? Au début des années soixante-dix, il était manifestement inférieur. Depuis le milieu des années quatre-vingt, la réponse à cette question n'est plus évidente : le ratio « niveau de vie des plus de 60 ans » sur « niveau de vie des moins de 60 ans » est proche de 1 , et . sa valeur dépend beaucoup des choix effectués en matière de concepts, de méthodes, et de sources. On estime qu'il est de l'ordre de 1,1 en 1990 : les personnes âgées sont un peu plus aisées que la moyenne, essentiellement parce qu'elles disposent souvent d'un patrimoine de rapport. [ger] Der Lebensstandard der âlteren Menschen . Liegt der Lebensstandard der Rentner uber oder unter dem der Erwerbstâtigen? Anfangs der siebziger Jahre lag er zweifellos darunter. Seit Mitte der achtziger Jahre ist die Antwort auf diese Frage nicht mehr so eindeutig; denn das Verhàltnis des zum nâhert sich der Kennziffer 1 :1 , wobei dieser Wert viel von den Optionen abhangt, die hinsichtlich der Konzepte, der Methoden und der Quellen gewâhlt werden. Fur das Jahr 1990 wird diese Kennzahl auf 1,1 geschâtzt; das heiBt, daf3 die âlteren Menschen etwas wohlhabender als der Durchschnitt sind, und zwar hauptsâchlich, weil sie oftmals uber ein ertragsbringendes Vermôgen besitzen. . Das altersbezogene Einkommensprofil verdeutlicht keinen Gegensatz zwischen Erwerbstâtigen und Rentnem, sondern einen Gegensatz zwischen drei Alters- . gruppen: die Jùngsten (unter 40 Jahren) haben heute den niedrigsten Lebensstandard, wobei sich ihre relative Situation seit Mitte der siebziger Jahre stândig verschlechtert hat; dagegen zàhlen die 40- bis 70jâhrigen im Durchschnitt zu den Wohlhabendsten, allerdings mit erheblichen Disparitâten. Die âltesten Menschen, insbesondere die Witwen, haben auch weiterhin einen eher geringen Lebensstandard, obwohl ihre Kaufkraft stândig zunimmt. . Seit Mitte der achtziger Jahre geben die Rentner an, sie seien mit ihrer finanziellen Lage zufrieden: ihre Einkiinfte erscheinen in der Tat relativ sicher; die finanziellen Belastungen nehmen auBerdem am Ende des Lebens- zyklus ab. [spa] El nivel de vida relativo de los ancianos . i,Es el nivel de vida de los jubilados inferior o superior al de los activos? A principios de los ochenta, ya no parece tan clara la respuesta : el ratio « nivel de vida de los de . mâs de 60 » sobre « nivel de vida de los de menos de 60 » se aproxima a la unidad, y su valor dépende mucho de las opciones escogidas en cuanto a conceptos, métodos, fuentes. Se valora aproximadamente en un 1,1 en 1990 : los ancianos son mâs ricos que el promedio, sobre todo porque gozan de un patrimonio de renta. . En realidad, el reparto de la renta segûn la edad révéla no una oposiciôn entre activos y jubilados, sino una oposiciôn entre très categorfas de edad : los mâs jôvenes tienen en la actualidad el nivel de vida mâs bajo, su situaciôn relativa se dégradé de manera continua desde mediados de los setenta ; en cambio, los 40-70 anos . pasaron a ser los mâs ricos, con fuertes disparidades sin embargo ; en fin los de mâs edad - en especial las viudas - siguen teniendo un nivel de vida mâs bien bajo, aunque aumenta todavîa su poder adquisitivo. . Desde mediados de los ochenta, los jubilados parecen satisfechos por su situaciôn financiera : sus recursos resultan en efecto bastante seguros ; ademâs, las cargas financieras disminuyen al final del ciclo de vida.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Michel Hourriez & Bernard Legris, 1995. "Le niveau de vie relatif des personnes âgées," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 283(1), pages 137-158.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1995_num_283_1_5969
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1995.5969
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1995.5969
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dominique Darmon & Jean-Michel Hourriez & Philippe L'Hardy, 1991. "Consommation : l'effet du vieillissement," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 243(1), pages 89-104.
    2. Jacques van der Gaag & Eugene Smolensky, 1982. "True Household Equivalence Scales And Characteristics Of The Poor In The United States," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 28(1), pages 17-28, March.
    3. Geneviève Canceill, 1989. "Ressources et niveau de vie des personnes âgées," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 222(1), pages 3-13.
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    2. Jean Chateau, 2006. "Disparities in Pension Financing in Europe: Economic and Financial Consequences," Working Papers 2006-09, CEPII research center.

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