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Ressources et niveau de vie des personnes âgées

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  • Geneviève Canceill

Abstract

[spa] Recursos y nivel de vida de las personas de edad. Las pensiones de los jubilados disminuyeron considérablement de 1970 a 1984 - Entre 1970 y 1984 las pensiones de los jubilados de más de 65 anos han sido, en promedio, multiplicadas por 1,8 en poder adquisitivo. Al mismo tiempo, el salario de un obrero ha sido multiplicado por 1,4. Las personas mayores más desfavorecidas son las que sacaron el mayor provecho del crecimiento económico: "el subsidio mínímo a la vejez" ha sido multiplicado por 2,6 en francos constantes entre 1 970 y 1 984. Además de este efecto directo sobre las jubilaciones, el crecimiento económico acarreó también otro efecto: cada generación que deja la vida activa se ve confrontada a mejores condiciones de jubilación que la generación precedente; las jubilaciones son tanto más elevadas cuanto que los jubilados son "jóvienes". . Los jubilados están lejos de constituir un bloque homogeneo, el ex ejecutivo del sector privado percibe, en promedio, una jubilación dos veces superior a la de los otros asalariados. En lo que respecta a los agricultures y a todos los ex trabajadores independientes en general, sus jubilaciones son aún muy inferiores a las de los asalariados en su conjunto. En el seno de los hogares en los que el jefe es un inactivo de más de 60 años, uno de cada cuatro cohabita con otras personas, sobre todo con los descendientes. Estas personas de edad que cohabitan tienen un ingreso fiscal inferior en un 25% al de las familias de personas mayores "solas"; siendo esta una de las razones de la cohabitación. Otros factores, ligados sobre todo al medio de acogida potencial, pueden influenciar la decision de vida comun entre las generaciones. Es así como, en igualad de condiciones, el ingreso de las parejas susceptibles de acoger a una persona mayor es superior en un 15% aproximadamente al de la media. Familias y personas de edad son los principales beneficiarios de las remesas sociales. Desde este punto de vista, es asombroso constatar que tanto unos como otros, tienen globalmente nivelés de vida notablemente semejantes. Las familias de personas de edad solas están en una situación casi siempre mejor que la de las familias con niños. Por ejemplo, tienen un nivel de vida equivalente al de una familia de dos cónyuges activos con dos niños (este es el tipo de familia más frecuente). Solo las parejas de dos cónyuges activos con un solo nino tienen un nivel de vida superior. [fre] Entre 1970 et 1984, les pensions des retraités âgés de plus de 65 ans ont été en moyenne multipliées par 1,8 en pouvoir d'achat et le "minimum vieillesse" a été multiplié par 2,6. Dans le même temps, le salaire moyen d'un ouvrier était multiplié par 1,4. Chaque génération quittant la vie active a trouvé de meilleures conditions de retraite que la génération précédente ; c'est ce qui explique que les pensions sont aujourd'hui d'autant plus fortes que les retraités sont "jeunes". Les retraités sont loin de former un bloc homogène : l'ancien cadre du secteur privé perçoit en moyenne une pension deux fois supérieure à celle des autres salariés. Quant aux agriculteurs, et à tous les anciens indépendants en général, leurs pensions sont encore très inférieures à celles des salariés pris dans leur ensemble. . Environ un foyer de retraité sur quatre est hébergé par des proches, essentiellement des descendants. Ces personnes âgées qui cohabitent avec d'autres personnes ont un revenu fiscal inférieur de 25 % à celui des foyers âgés "isolés", et c'est là sans doute l'une des raisons de la cohabitation. D'autres facteurs, notamment liés au milieu d'accueil potentiel, peuvent influer sur la décision de vie commune entre les générations : ainsi, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, le revenu des ménages susceptibles d'accueillir une personne âgée est supérieur de 1 5 % environ à la moyenne. . Les familles de salariés et les personnes âgées qui vivent dans leur propre logement ont en moyenne des niveaux de vie remarquablement proches. Mais seuls les couples sans enfant et les familles avec un enfant ont un niveau de vie supérieur à celui des foyers âgés. Ces derniers ont en moyenne un niveau de vie équivalent à celui d'un couple de deux actifs avec deux enfants. [eng] The income and standart of living of ederly people. Retirement Pensions Rose Considerably between 1970 and 1984 - Between 1970 and 1984, the pensions of retired persons over 65 were, on the average, multiplied by 1.8 in terms of their purchasing power. During the same period, the wages of factory workers were multiplied by 1.4. The most destitute old age pensioners were those who profited most from the thirty years of economic boom which followed the Second World War: the minimum pension guaranteed to elderly people was multiplied by 2.6 in terms of constant francs between 1970 and 1984. Besides the direct effect on retirement pensions, the thirty- year economic boom also had a delayed effect. Each new generation retired in better conditions than the previous one, and the "younger" the retired were, the higher their pensions. . The retired did not constitute one homogeneous group: the pension received by someone who was formerly an executive in the private sector was, on the average, twice as high as that received by those who had been salaried workers. As for the pensions of farmers, and more generally those who had formerly been self-employed, they continued to be much lower than those of the average wage-earner. . In one out of four cases, someone over 60 who did not work lived with other people, usually his descendants. The declared income of the elderly who shared housing was 25% lower than that of the elderly who lived by tem- selves, and that was one of the reasons why the former didn't live on their own. Other factors, some linked to housing potentialities, may have influenced the decision of different generations to share living quarters: thus, all other things being equal, the income of those households which were likely to accomodate an elderly person was about 15% higher than the average. Families and elderly people were the main beneficiaries of social security payments. In this respect, it was striking to note that their average standard of living was remarkably similar. Households consisting solely of elderly people were almost always financially better than families with children. For instance, their standard of living was equivalent to that of two working people with two children (the most frequent type of family).

Suggested Citation

  • Geneviève Canceill, 1989. "Ressources et niveau de vie des personnes âgées," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 222(1), pages 3-13.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1989_num_222_1_5330
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1989.5330
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1989.5330
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pierre-Alain Audirac, 1985. "Les personnes âgées, de la vie de famille à l'isolement," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 175(1), pages 39-54.
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    1. Jean-Michel Hourriez & Bernard Legris, 1995. "Le niveau de vie relatif des personnes âgées," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 283(1), pages 137-158.

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