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Les échanges industriels entre la France et les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale : premières tendances de la spécialisation

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  • Béatrice Colin-Sédillot

Abstract

[ger] Der Industriehandel zwischen Frankreich und den mittel- und osteuropaischen Lândern: erste Spezialisierungstendenzen . Der Austausch zwischen Frankreich und den mittel- und sischen Exporte von Investitionsgùtem und High-Tech- osteuropâischen Lândern hat seit dem Zusammenbruch Erzeugnissen (Elektronikgeràte, Prazisionsinstrumente) des Rats fur Gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe (COMECON) gefôrdert. im Jahre 1990 stark zugenommen, wenn auch seine Handelstrôme mit diesen Lândern betragsmâBig noch . recht gering sind. 1993 hatten diese Lander komparative Vorteile bei den Produkten, die einen hohen Arbeitskrafte- einsatz mit geringem Qualifikationsgrad (Textil-, . Bekleidungs-, Môbel- und Schuhindustrie) erforderlich machen, sowie in geringerem Ma3e bei manchen sehr kapitalintensiven Produkten (Basischemie, Eisen- und . Stahlindustrie, Metallverarbeitung). Im Gegenzug haben die notwendigen MaBnahmen zur Modernisierung und Umstrukturierung ihres Produktionsapparates die franzô- . Seit Beginn des Ûbergangsprozesses nâhert sich die Spezialisierung dieser Lander immer mehr derjenigen der westlichen Industrielânder an. Die Exporte diversifizieren sich, und neue Industrien entstehen dank den Technologie- transfers der Industrielânder. So nehmen beispielsweise die Automobilindustrie und die Elektronik bei ihren Ausfuhren einen immer grôBeren Platz ein. Der gekreuzte Handel mit àhnlichen Produkten ist innerhalb von zwei Jahren ebenfalls stark angestiegen. [spa] Los intercambios industriaies entre Francia y los pafses de Europa central y oriental : primeras tendencias de la especializaciôn . Los intercambios entre Francia y los pafses de Europa central y oriental crecieron sobremanera desde el derrumbamiento del Consejo de Ayuda Mutua Econômica (CAME) en 1990, aunque no representen los flujos comerciales con dichos pafses sino sumas menores. En 1993, éstos se benefician de ventajas comparativas para los productos de abundante mano de obra y poco cualificada (industrias textil y del vestido, del mueble y del calzado) y, dentro de lo que cabe, para unos productos de fuerte intensidad capitalfstica (industria qufmica bâsica, siderugia, metalurgia). A la inversa, las necesidades de modernizaciôn y de ajuste de su aparato productivo fueron un incentivo para las exportaciones francesas de . bienes de equipo y de productos de alta tecnologfa (materiales electrônicos, instrumentes de precision). . Desde el inicio de la transiciôn, la especializaciôn de estos pafses se va acercando a la de los pafses industriales occidentales. Las exportaciones se diversifican y emergen nuevas industrias gracias a las transferencias de tecnologfa de los pafses industrializados. Asf, los sectores automovilfstico y electrônico representan una cuota cre- ciente en sus exportaciones. Los intercambios cruzados de productos similares también se intensificaron en el espacio de dos anos. [fre] Les échanges industriels entre la France et les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale : premières tendances de la spécialisation . Les échanges entre la France et les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale se sont fortement développés depuis l'effondrement du Conseil d'assistance économique mutuel (CAEM) en 1 990, même si les flux commerciaux avec ces pays restent encore de faibles montants. En 1 993, ils bénéficient d'avantages comparatifs pour les produits à main-d'œuvre abondante et peu qualifiée (textile-habillement, meubles, chaussure) et, dans une moindre mesure, pour certains produits à forte intensité capitalistique (chimie de base, sidérurgie, travail des métaux). À l'inverse, les besoins de modernisation et de restructuration de leur appareil productif ont stimulé les exportations françaises de biens d'équipement et de produits à haute technologie (matériel électronique, instruments de précision). . Depuis le début de la transition, la spécialisation de ces pays tend à se rapprocher de celle des pays industrialisés occidentaux. Les exportations se diversifient et de nouvelles industries émergent grâce aux transferts de technologie des pays industrialisés. Ainsi, l'automobile et l'électronique occupent une place croissante dans leurs exportations. Les échanges croisés de produits similaires se sont aussi fortement intensifiés en l'espace de deux ans. [eng] Industrial Trade Between France and the Central and East European Countries: Emerging Trends Towards Specialization . Trade between France and the Central and East European countries has grown considerably since the collapse of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) in 1990, even though the volume of commercial flows with these countries remains low. In 1 993, they benef itted from comparative advantages in . products using abundant and relatively unskilled labour (textiles and clothing, furniture, and shoes) and certain highly capital-intensive products to a lesser extent (basic chemicals, iron and steel, and metal working). Conversely, the need to modernize and restructure their productive capacities has stimulated French exports of capital goods and high-tech products (electronic equipment and precision instruments). Since the beginning of the transition, these countries have tended to specialize in the same way as the Western industrialized countries. Exports are diversifying and new industries emerging as a result of technology transfers from industrialized countries. Motor vehicles and electronics are therefore accounting for a growing share of their exports. The two-way trade of similar products has also risen substantially in the space of two years.

Suggested Citation

  • Béatrice Colin-Sédillot, 1994. "Les échanges industriels entre la France et les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale : premières tendances de la spécialisation," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 279(1), pages 69-80.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1994_num_279_1_5916
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1994.5916
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1994.5916
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jean-Luc Tavernier, 1990. "Echanges extérieurs et avantages comparatifs : la spécialisation de la France confrontée à celles de ses concurrents," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 94(3), pages 23-36.
    2. Corado, Cristina, 1994. "Textiles and Clothing Trade with Central and Eastern Europe: Impact on Members of the EC," CEPR Discussion Papers 1004, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Halpern, László, 1994. "Comparative Advantage and Likely Trade Pattern of the CEECs," CEPR Discussion Papers 1003, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Françoise Lemoine & Claude Leroy, 1992. "Les échanges des pays d'Europe centre-orientale : l'écueil d'une double concurrence," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 260(1), pages 37-48.
    5. Damien NEVEN, 1994. "Trade Liberalisation with Eastern Nations. How Sensitive ?," Cahiers de Recherches Economiques du Département d'économie 9407, Université de Lausanne, Faculté des HEC, Département d’économie.
    6. Balassa, Bela & Bauwens, Luc, 1988. "The determinants of intra-European trade in manufactured goods," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1421-1437, September.
    7. Krugman, Paul R, 1981. "Intraindustry Specialization and the Gains from Trade," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 89(5), pages 959-973, October.
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    1. Vesselin Mintchev, 1999. "The Trade with Industrial Goods Between Bulgaria and the Countries from the European Union: Tendencies of the Bulgarian Industrial Specialization in the Transition to Market Economy," ERI-BAS Chapters, in: Mitko Dimitrov & Wladimir Andreff & Laszlo Csaba (ed.), Economies in Transition and the Variety of Capitalisms. Features, Changes, Convergence, edition 1, chapter 25, pages 321-348, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute.

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