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Environnement et croissance : un faux dilemme pour les pays en développement

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  • Laurent Kenigswald

Abstract

[eng] The Environment and Growth : A False Dilemma for Developing Countries . Environmental protection is not just a luxury for rich countries. In poor countries, a minimum of water purification should prevent two million deaths per year. This has also proved to be a source of economic growth due to a better use of agricultural land and natural resources. . Today, the World Bank estimates the cost of a "minimal" ecological programme in the developing countries to be some 80 billion dollars, or 2 % of their GDP, to be spread out over ten years. This cost could be amortized by the resulting growth gains of barely one-quarter of a point per year. Under these circumstances, public environmental aid would not appear to be necessary. However, each development project should be carefully analyzed in terms of its impact on the environment. [fre] Environnement et croissance : un faux dilemme pour les pays en développement . La défense de l'environnement n'est pas qu'un luxe de pays riche. Dans les pays pauvres elle permettrait d'éviter deux millions de décès chaque année, avec un minimum d'assainissement de l'eau. Elle s'avère aussi source de croissance économique, au travers d'une meilleure exploitation des terres agricoles et des ressources naturelles. . Aujourd'hui, le coût d'un programme écologique "minimal" dans les pays en développement est estimé par la Banque Mondiale à quelque 80 milliards de dollars, soit 2 % de leur PIB, à répartir sur dix ans. Il pourrait être amorti par des gains de croissance induite d'à peine un quart de point par an. Une aide publique à l'environnement n'apparaît pas dans ces conditions nécessaire. En revanche, chaque projet de développement doit être soigneusement analysé en termes d'impact sur l'environnement. [spa] Medio ambiente y crecimiento : un falso dilema para los pafses en desarrollo . La protecciôn del medio ambiente no es solo un lujo de pafses ricos. En los pafses pobres esta permitirfa evitar dos millones de muertes por afio, con un minimo de purificacion del agua. Dicha protecciôn se révéla también como una fuente de crecimiento econômico a través de una mejor explotaciôn de las tierras agrfcolas y de los recursos naturales. . Hoy en dfa, el costo de un programa ecolôgico "mfnimo" en los pafses en desarrollo se estima por el Banco Mundial en alrededor de 80 mil millones de dôlares, o sea un 2 % del PIB de estos pafses repartido en diez anos. El mismo podrîa ser amortizado mediante aumentos de crecimiento inducido de apenas un cuarto de punto por afio. En taies condiciones, una ayuda pûblica al medio ambiente no résulta necesaria. Por el contrario, cada proyeeto de desarrollo debe ser cuidadosamente analizado en términos de impacto sobre el medio ambiente.

Suggested Citation

  • Laurent Kenigswald, 1992. "Environnement et croissance : un faux dilemme pour les pays en développement," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 258(1), pages 69-75.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1992_num_258_1_5694
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1992.5694
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1992.5694
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    2. François Moriconi-Ebrard, 1991. "Les 100 plus grandes villes du monde," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 245(1), pages 7-18.
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