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La formation des anticipations boursières

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  • Georges Prat

Abstract

[eng] Formation of Stock Market Expectations, . by Georges Prat.. . This article analyzes how "experts" (businessmen, economists and bankers) form their expected changes in the industrial share price index. Expectations are measured by the "consensus" revealed by opinion polls made by J. Livingston in June and December of each year from 1956 to 1989. . After showing that these expectations are not in line with the general rationality criteria, an analysis is made of the classic adaptive, extrapolative and regressive expectation processes (based on limited past information for the variable studied). Although each of the three basic processes is invalidated when considered separately, it is shown that approximately 40% of the expected share-price changes can be "explained" by "combining" these three processes in a LIERAM (Limited Information, Extrapolative, Regressive and Adaptive Model), whereas the figure rises to 95% for expected inflation when using the same LIERAM. . These comparative results urge an examination of the hypothesis according to which experts' expectations are determined in the context of the share evaluation model (EM), which implicitly uses an expected value for share prices. The LIERAM and EM appear to be complementary, but together are only able to "explain" half of the stock market expectations. [spa] Formación de las anticipaciones en la Boisa, . por Georges Prat.. . En est artículo se analiza cómo los "expertos" (hombres de negocios, economistas, banqueros) forman sus variaciones anticipadas de índice de la cotización de las acciones industnales. Las anticipaciones se miden por el "consenso" revelado por las encuestas de opinión efectuadas en julio y en diciembre de cada año por J. Levingston, para el período 1956-1989. . Tras haber mostrado que estas anticipaciones no guardan concordancia con los criterios habituâtes de racionalidad, se analizan los procesos anticipativos tradicionales de tipo adaptativo, extrapolativo y regresivo (fundados en una información limitada al pasado de la variable estudiada). Apesar de que, considerados aisladamente, cada uno de los très procesos elementales carezca de valor, se demuestra que, al "mezclar" estos tresprocesos en el marco de un MILERA (Modelo Información Limitada, Extrapolativo, Regresivo y Adaptativo), se llega a "explicar" un 40%, aproximadamente, de las variaciones anticipadas de la cotización de las acciones (mientras que esta cifra llega a alcanzar un 95% para la inflación anticipada, con el mismo MILERA). . Tales resultados comparados incitan a explorar la hipótesis por la cual las anticipaciones de los expertos parecen estar determinadas en el marco del Modelo de Evaluación de las acciones (ME), en el cual se hace implícitamente intervenir un valor anticipado de la cotización de las acciones. El MILERA y el ME parecen ser complementarios, pero conjuntamente pueden, "explicar" ûnicamente la mitad de las anticipaciones de Bolsa. [ger] Die Entstehung von Börsenantizipationen, . von Georges Prat.. . In diesem Artikel wird analysiert, wie die "Experten" (Geschäftsleute, Ökonomen, Bankiers) die Schwankungen des Kursindexes der Industrieaktien yorwegnehmen. Diese Antizipationen werden anhand des "Konsenses" gemessen, der aus den Meinungsumfragen hervorging, die im Juni und Dezember eines jeden Jahres von J. Livingston während des Zeitraums von 1956 bis 1989 durchgeführt wurden. . Nachdem aufgezeigt worden ist, daá diese Antizipationen nicht mit den gewöhnlichen Rationalitätskriterien übereinstimmen, werden die herkömmlichen antizipativen Verfahren des adaptiven, extrapolativen und regressiven Typs analysiert; Verfahren, die auf einer Information beruhen, die sich auf die Vergangenheit der untersuchten Variablen beschränkt. Obwohl jedes der drei elementaren Verfahren, für sich alleine genommen, widerlegt wird, kann aufgezeigt werden, daß sich bei "Mischung" dieser drei Verfahren im Rahmen eines "MILERA" (Modèle Information Limitée, Extrapolatif, Régressif et Adaptatif) ca. 40% der antizipierten Schwankungen des Aktienkurses "erklären" lassen (während diese Zahl bei der antizipierten Inflation mit dem gleichen "MILERA" 95% beträgt). . Der Vergleich dieser Ergebnisse veranlaßt zur Untersuchung der Hypothèse, der zufolge die Antizipationen der Experten im Rahmen des Aktienbewertungsmodells "ME" (Modèle d'évaluation des actions) bestimmt würden, das implizit einen antizipierten Wert des Aktienkurses mit einbezieht. Die Modelle "MILERA" und "ME" scheinen zwar komplementär zu sein, vermögen aber gemeinsam lediglich die Hälfte der Börsenantizipationen zu "erklären". [fre] Formation des anticipations boursières, . par Georges Prat.. . Cet article analyse comment les "experts" (hommes d'affaire, économistes, banquiers.) forment leurs variations anticipées de l'indice du . cours des actions industrielles. Les anticipations sont mesurées par le "consensus" révélé par les enquêtes d'opinion réalisées en juin et . décembre de chaque année par LLivingston, sur la période 1956-1989. . Après avoir montré que ces anticipations ne s'accordent pas avec les critères habituels de rationalité, les processus anticipatifs traditionnels . de type adaptatif, extrapolatif et régressif (fondés sur une information limitée au passé de la variable étudiée) sont analysés. Bien que, . considéré isolément, chacun des trois processus élémentaires soit infirmé* il est montré qu'en "mixant" ces trois processus au sein d'un . MILERA (Modèle Information Limitée, Extrapolatif, Régressif et Adaptatif), on parvient à "expliquer" environ 40 % des variations . anticipées du cours des actions (alors que ce chiffre est de 95 % pour l'inflation anticipée, avec le même MILERA). . Ces résultats comparés incitent à explorer l'hypothèse suivant laquelle les anticipations des experts seraient déterminées dans le cadre du . Modèle d'évaluation des actions (ME), lequel fait implicitement intervenir une valeur anticipée du cours des actions. Le MILERA et le . ME apparaissent comme complémentaires, mais ne peuvent ensemble "expliquer" que la moitié des anticipations boursières.

Suggested Citation

  • Georges Prat, 1994. "La formation des anticipations boursières," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 112(1), pages 101-125.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1994_num_112_1_5655
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1994.5655
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1994.5655
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    8. Georges Prat, 1995. "La formation des anticipations et l'hypothèse d'un agent représentatif : quelques enseignements issus de simulations stochastiques," Post-Print halshs-00173035, HAL.
    9. Brown, Bryan W & Maital, Shlomo, 1981. "What Do Economists Know? An Empirical Study of Experts' Expectations," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(2), pages 491-504, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pesaran, M. Hashem & Weale, Martin, 2006. "Survey Expectations," Handbook of Economic Forecasting, in: G. Elliott & C. Granger & A. Timmermann (ed.), Handbook of Economic Forecasting, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 14, pages 715-776, Elsevier.
    2. Silvija Vlah Jerić & Mihovil Anđelinović, 2019. "Evaluating Croatian stock index forecasts," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 1325-1339, April.
    3. Auguste Mpacko Priso, 1998. "Une évaluation de l'importance des anticipations boursières des experts," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 136(5), pages 49-61.
    4. Prat, Georges, 2013. "Equity risk premium and time horizon: What do the U.S. secular data say?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 76-88.
    5. Georges Prat & Remzi Uctum, 1996. "Formation des anticipations de change : l'hypothèse d'un processus mixte," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 125(4), pages 117-135.
    6. Pierdzioch, Christian & Rülke, Jan-Christoph, 2012. "Forecasting stock prices: Do forecasters herd?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 116(3), pages 326-329.
    7. Georges Prat & David Le Bris, 2019. "Equity Risk Premium and Time Horizon: what do the French secular data say ?," EconomiX Working Papers 2019-8, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    8. Georges Prat, 1996. "Le modèle d'évaluation des actions confronté aux anticipations des agents informés," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 47(1), pages 85-110.
    9. Pierdzioch, Christian & Reitz, Stefan & Ruelke, Jan-Christoph, 2014. "Heterogeneous forecasters and nonlinear expectation formation in the US stock market," Kiel Working Papers 1947, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).

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