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Les dénationalisations britanniques : objectifs et réalisations

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  • Jean-Jacques Santini

Abstract

[eng] Privatization in the United Kingdom aims and achievements, by Jean-Jacques Santini.. . The policy of privatization which the United Kingdom embarked on in 1979 is far-reaching enough to constitute an unprecedented experience which most of the industrialized nations are observing with interest. . . After a short summary of the main development in the british public sector from 1945 to the present days, this paper attempts to analyse the privatization policy which Mrs Thatcher's government is carrying out in terms of its aims and achievements. . . The process is far from complete at the moment and is even likely to speed up over the next three years, furthermore its impact cannot always be appreciated in the short term, so the conclusions which are drawn remain incomplete. It would appear, nevertheless, that the main objectives of the British Government — improving the performance of public sector firms, reducing State influence on the economy, relaxing budgetary constraints, developing popular investment and employee share schemes and reducing the power of the unions — have been accomplished to a satisfactory extent. . . Although certain questions remain to be answered, the British privatization policy, which has been reasonably empirical in its approach, appears successful enough to be considered as an example to be followed by some other countries. . . JEL: Classification number 614. [fre] Les dénationalisations britanniques : objectifs et réalisations, par Jean-Jacques Santini.. . La politique de dénationalisation entreprise au Royaume-Uni en 1979 constitue, en raison de son étendue, une expérience sans précédent suivie à ce titre avec attention par la plupart des pays industrialisés. . . Après un bref rappel des principales caractéristiques de l'évolution du secteur public britannique de 1945 à aujourd'hui, l'étude présentée ici tente d'analyser la politique de privatisation menée par le gouvernement de Madame Thatcher à travers les objectifs et les résultats obtenus jusqu'alors. . . Cette politique étant loin d'être achevée, puisqu'elle va connaître au contraire une accélération au cours des trois années à venir, et ses conséquences ne pouvant, pour certaines d'entre elles, être appréciées sur une période de temps trop brève, le jugement que l'on peut porter sur cette expérience reste évidemment partiel. Toutefois, il apparaît que les principaux objectifs des pouvoirs publics — l'amélioration des performances des entreprises publiques, la réduction du poids de l'Etat dans l'économie, l'assouplissement des contraintes budgétaires, le développement de l'actionnariat populaire et de la participation des salariés au capital de leur entreprise et l'affaiblissement du pouvoir syndical — ont connu dans l'ensemble un degré de réalisation satisfaisant. . . En définitive, bien qu'un certain nombre de questions demeurent posées pour l'avenir, la politique de dénationalisation britannique, qui a su rester relativement empirique en adoptant des solutions variées aux problèmes posés, apparaît à l'heure actuelle comme un succès qui rehausse le prestige international de la politique économique menée depuis 1979 par le gouvernement conservateur.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Jacques Santini, 1986. "Les dénationalisations britanniques : objectifs et réalisations," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 76(5), pages 47-69.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1986_hos_76_5_6012
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1986.6012
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1986.6012
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    3. David Encaoua, 1986. "Réglementation et concurrence : quelques éléments de théorie économique," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 76(5), pages 7-46.
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