IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0261337.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness: A sustainable development approach of developed and under-developed countries

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Usman Arshad
  • Zeeshan Ahmed
  • Ayesha Ramzan
  • Muhammad Nadir Shabbir
  • Zahid Bashir
  • Fahad Najeeb Khan

Abstract

The study explores the causal relationship between monetary policy effectiveness and financial inclusion in developed and under-developed countries. Structural Vector Auto-regressive techniques have been inducted to explore the relationship between monetary policy effectiveness and financial inclusion. The study covers the secondary data of 10 developed and 30 underdeveloped countries throughout 2004–2018. It is concluded that monetary policy effectiveness and financial inclusion do not have a contemporaneous impact on each other. Nevertheless, the reduced-form Vector Auto-regressive witness the reverse causality between financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness in developed countries. Thus, effective monetary policy enhances financial inclusion in a country, and a higher degree of financial inclusion lowers the inflation rate and makes monetary policy effective. One way causality from monetary policy effectiveness to financial inclusion can be observed in under-developed countries. Using the Structural Vector auto-regressive technique and financial inclusion index composed of three-dimension to examine the relationship of monetary policy effectiveness and financial inclusion in developed and developing countries is considered the study’s significant contribution.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Usman Arshad & Zeeshan Ahmed & Ayesha Ramzan & Muhammad Nadir Shabbir & Zahid Bashir & Fahad Najeeb Khan, 2021. "Financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness: A sustainable development approach of developed and under-developed countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(12), pages 1-19, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0261337
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261337
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261337
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261337&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0261337?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alfred Hannig & Stefan Jansen, 2010. "Financial Inclusion and Financial Stability : Current Policy Issues," Finance Working Papers 23124, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    2. Ma, Yong & Lin, Xingkai, 2016. "Financial development and the effectiveness of monetary policy," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-11.
    3. Tough Chinoda & Farai Kwenda, 2019. "Do mobile phones, economic growth, bank competition and stability matter for financial inclusion in Africa?," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 1622180-162, January.
    4. Angella Faith Lapukeni, 2015. "The impact of financial inclusion on monetary policy effectiveness: the case of Malawi," International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 8(4), pages 360-384.
    5. James Yetman, 2018. "Adapting monetary policy to increasing financial inclusion," IFC Bulletins chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), The role of data in supporting financial inclusion policy, volume 47, Bank for International Settlements.
    6. Ben S. Bernanke & Mark Gertler, 1995. "Inside the Black Box: The Credit Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 27-48, Fall.
    7. Aaron Mehrotra & James Yetman, 2014. "Financial inclusion and optimal monetary policy," BIS Working Papers 476, Bank for International Settlements.
    8. Hannig, Alfred & Jansen, Stefan, 2010. "Financial Inclusion and Financial Stability: Current Policy Issues," ADBI Working Papers 259, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    9. Aaron Mehrotra & G. V. Nadhanael, 2016. "Financial Inclusion and Monetary Policy in Emerging Asia," Palgrave Studies in Impact Finance, in: Sasidaran Gopalan & Tomoo Kikuchi (ed.), Financial Inclusion in Asia, chapter 4, pages 93-127, Palgrave Macmillan.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Financial inclusion research around the world: a review," MPRA Paper 101809, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Shahid Manzoor Shah & Amjad Ali, 2022. "A Survey on Financial Inclusion: Theoretical and Empirical Literature Review," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 310-330, December.
    3. Weidong Chen & Xiaohui Yuan, 2021. "Financial inclusion in China: an overview," Frontiers of Business Research in China, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 1-21, December.
    4. Jeleta Kebede & Saroja Selvanathan & Athula Naranpanawa, 2024. "Financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness in a monetary union: Heterogenous panel approach," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(3), pages 779-805, July.
    5. Marwa Elsherif, 2019. "The Relationship between Financial Inclusion and Monetary Policy Transmission: The Case of Egypt," Proceedings of International Academic Conferences 9010737, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.
    6. Anh The Vo & Loan Thi-Hong Van & Duc Hong Vo & Michael Mcaleer, 2019. "Financial Inclusion And Macroeconomic Stability In Emerging And Frontier Markets," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 14(02), pages 1-15, June.
    7. Amit Pandey & Ravi Kiran & Rakesh Kumar Sharma, 2023. "Investigating the Determinants of Financial Inclusion in BRICS Economies: Panel Data Analysis Using Fixed-Effect and Cross-Section Random Effect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-21, January.
    8. Aurazo, Jose & Vega, Milton, 2021. "Why people use digital payments: Evidence from micro data in Peru," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(4).
    9. Gasmi, Farid & Aurazo, Jose, 2022. "Labor informality and financial inclusion transitions: Evidence from Peru," TSE Working Papers 22-1349, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    10. El-Bourainy Mehry & Salah Ashraf & ElSherif Marwa, 2021. "The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Unemployment Rate in Developing Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 11(1), pages 79-93.
    11. Xiaowen Xie, 2023. "Analyzing the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on Poverty Reduction: A Study Based on System GMM in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-20, September.
    12. Gallego-Losada, María-Jesús & Montero-Navarro, Antonio & García-Abajo, Elisa & Gallego-Losada, Rocío, 2023. "Digital financial inclusion. Visualizing the academic literature," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    13. Nenubari John Ikue & John Sodipo & Samuel Zeb-Omoni & Onyinyechi Uche & Linus Enegesi & Ernest Taenyi & Edwin Ekuase & Mtomabari Simeon & Boma Alalibo, 2021. "Mobile money operations, financial inclusion and Socioeconomic factors in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(5), pages 224-234, July.
    14. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "Effects of financial inclusion on financial stability: evidence from ssa countries," MPRA Paper 120238, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Yussif Issaka Jajah & Ebenezer B. Anarfo & Felix K. Aveh, 2022. "Financial inclusion and bank profitability in Sub‐Saharan Africa," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 32-44, January.
    16. Peter J. Morgan & Victor Pontines, 2018. "Financial Stability And Financial Inclusion: The Case Of Sme Lending," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 63(01), pages 111-124, March.
    17. Barine Michael Nwidobie, 2019. "Financial Inclusion Index in Nigeria: An Exploratory Analysis," International Journal of Publication and Social Studies, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 4(1), pages 26-36, March.
    18. Dante B Canlas & Johnny Noe E Ravalo & Eli M Remolona, 2018. "Do small bank deposits run more than large ones? Three event studies of contagion and financial inclusion," BIS Working Papers 724, Bank for International Settlements.
    19. Han, Rui & Melecky, Martin, 2017. "Broader use of saving products among people can make deposit funding of the banking system more resilient," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 89-102.
    20. Llanto, Gilberto M. & Rosellon, Maureen Ane D., 2017. "What Determines Financial Inclusion in the Philippines? Evidence from a National Baseline Survey," Discussion Papers DP 2017-38, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0261337. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.