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The 24-hour urinary cortisol in post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis

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  • Xiongfeng Pan
  • Atipatsa C Kaminga
  • Shi Wu Wen
  • Zhipeng Wang
  • Xiaoli Wu
  • Aizhong Liu

Abstract

Objective: Previous studies found inconsistent results on the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and concentrations of 24-hour (24-h) urinary cortisol. This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize previous findings on this relationship. Methods: We searched in the databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Psyc-ARTICLES for articles published before September 2018. We used the random-effects model with restricted maximum-likelihood estimator to synthesize the effect sizes by calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) and assessing its significance. Results: Six hundred and nineteen articles were identified from the preceding databases and 20 of them were included in the meta-analysis. Lower concentrations of 24-h urinary cortisol were observed in patients with PTSD when compared with the controls (SMD = -0.49, 95%CI [-0.91; -0.07], p = 0.02). Subgroup analysis revealed that the concentrations of 24-h urinary cortisol were lower in PTSD patients than in the controls for studies that included female participants or studies that included participants from the United States of America. Conclusions: Overall, decreased levels of 24-h urinary cortisol were linked with the pathophysiology of PTSD. Nonetheless, more studies should be conducted to validate the molecular underpinnings of urine cortisol degeneration in PTSD.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiongfeng Pan & Atipatsa C Kaminga & Shi Wu Wen & Zhipeng Wang & Xiaoli Wu & Aizhong Liu, 2020. "The 24-hour urinary cortisol in post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0227560
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227560
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    1. Paul T E Cusack, 2020. "Anxiety Disorders," Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, Biomedical Research Network+, LLC, vol. 31(3), pages 24255-24260, October.
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