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Age relative to school class peers and emotional well-being in 10-year-olds

Author

Listed:
  • Shuntaro Ando
  • Satoshi Usami
  • Tetsuya Matsubayashi
  • Michiko Ueda
  • Shinsuke Koike
  • Syudo Yamasaki
  • Shinya Fujikawa
  • Tsukasa Sasaki
  • Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa
  • George Patton
  • Kiyoto Kasai
  • Atsushi Nishida

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age relative to school (i.e., class or grade level) peers on emotional well-being and the role of possible mediators of this effect in early adolescence using a large set of individual-level data from a community survey. Methods: A large community-based survey of 10-year-old children and their primary parents was conducted in Tokyo, where the school entry cutoff date is fixed. Emotional well-being was assessed by the WHO (Five) Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Academic performance and the experience of being bullied at school were also evaluated as potential mediators of the effect of relative age. Results: A total of 4,478 children participated in the study. In a univariate linear regression analysis, the relative birthdate (continuous variable starting from the school entry date and ending at the last date of the academic grade) was negatively associated with emotional well-being (β = -0.043, p = .005). The path analyses suggested that academic performance and bullying mediated the relationship between the relative birthdate and emotional well-being (both p

Suggested Citation

  • Shuntaro Ando & Satoshi Usami & Tetsuya Matsubayashi & Michiko Ueda & Shinsuke Koike & Syudo Yamasaki & Shinya Fujikawa & Tsukasa Sasaki & Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa & George Patton & Kiyoto Kasai & Atsu, 2019. "Age relative to school class peers and emotional well-being in 10-year-olds," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(3), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0214359
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214359
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tetsuya Matsubayashi & Michiko Ueda, 2015. "Relative Age in School and Suicide among Young Individuals in Japan: A Regression Discontinuity Approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(8), pages 1-10, August.
    2. Kelly Bedard & Elizabeth Dhuey, 2006. "The Persistence of Early Childhood Maturity: International Evidence of Long-Run Age Effects," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 121(4), pages 1437-1472.
    3. Kawaguchi, Daiji, 2011. "Actual age at school entry, educational outcomes, and earnings," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 64-80, June.
    4. Shinya Fujikawa & Shuntaro Ando & Shinji Shimodera & Shinsuke Koike & Satoshi Usami & Rie Toriyama & Sho Kanata & Tsukasa Sasaki & Kiyoto Kasai & Yuji Okazaki & Atsushi Nishida, 2016. "The Association of Current Violence from Adult Family Members with Adolescent Bullying Involvement and Suicidal Feelings," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(10), pages 1-12, October.
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    1. Fumarco, L. & Baert, S. & Sarracino, F., 2020. "Younger, dissatisfied, and unhealthy – Relative age in adolescence," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    2. Peña, Pablo A., 2020. "Relative age and investment in human capital," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).

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