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Reconsidering the roots, structure, and implications of gambling motives: An integrative approach

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  • Juan R Barrada
  • Juan F Navas
  • Cristian M Ruiz de Lara
  • Joël Billieux
  • Gaëtan Devos
  • José C Perales

Abstract

Rationale and method: Accurately identifying motives to gamble is crucial in the functional analysis of gambling behavior. In this study, a data-driven approach was followed to clarify the factor structure underlying a pool of motives for gambling, selected from the Gambling Motives Questionnaire–Financial (GMQ-F), and the Reasons for Gambling Questionnaire (RGQ), in a sample of regular problem and non-problem gamblers. Additionally, the role of gambling motives in the relationship between root behavioral activation/inhibition systems (BIS/BAS) and gambling severity, frequency, and preferences was explored using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results and conclusions: The present study identified Social, Financial, and Fun/thrill-related gambling motives factors, but also a fourth factor in which some positive and negative reinforcement-based motives were grouped into a single and broader Affect regulation factor. This Affect regulation factor shared variance both with BIS and BAS-related measures, and was the only direct predictor of disordered gambling symptoms. The Fun/thrill factor was directly related to frequency of participation in high-arousal, skill-based games, and all factors were related to participation in lower-arousal, chance games (with Social motives negatively predicting both participation in the latter and total severity). In the SEM model, measures of BIS/BAS sensitivity were connected to gambling behavior only through gambling motives. Based on measures of items’ specificity, a shortened Spanish scale (the brief Gambling Motives Inventory, bGMI) is proposed to assess gambling motives in accordance with the observed 4-factor structure.

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  • Juan R Barrada & Juan F Navas & Cristian M Ruiz de Lara & Joël Billieux & Gaëtan Devos & José C Perales, 2019. "Reconsidering the roots, structure, and implications of gambling motives: An integrative approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(2), pages 1-22, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0212695
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212695
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg & Daniel S. McGrath & Kristianne Dechant, 2016. "The Gambling Motives Questionnaire financial: factor structure, measurement invariance, and relationships with gambling behaviour," International Gambling Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 1-16, April.
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    7. Juan F. Navas & Joël Billieux & Ana Perandrés-Gómez & Francisca López-Torrecillas & Antonio Cándido & José C. Perales, 2017. "Impulsivity traits and gambling cognitions associated with gambling preferences and clinical status," International Gambling Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(1), pages 102-124, January.
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    1. Cristian M Ruiz de Lara & Juan F Navas & José C Perales, 2019. "The paradoxical relationship between emotion regulation and gambling-related cognitive biases," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(8), pages 1-19, August.

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