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Risk characterization of hospitalizations for mental illness and/or behavioral disorders with concurrent heat-related illness

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  • Michael T Schmeltz
  • Janet L Gamble

Abstract

Background: Many studies have found significant associations between high ambient temperatures and increases in heat-related morbidity and mortality. Several studies have demonstrated that increases in heat-related hospitalizations are elevated among individuals with diagnosed mental illnesses and/or behavioral disorders (MBD). However, there are a limited number of studies regarding risk factors associated with specific mental illnesses that contribute, at least in part, to heat-related illnesses (HRI) in the United States. Objective: To identify and characterize individual and environmental risk factors associated with MBD hospitalizations with a concurrent HRI diagnosis. Methods: This study uses hospitalization data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2001–2010). Descriptive analyses of primary and secondary diagnoses of MBDs with an HRI were examined. Risk ratios (RR) were calculated from multivariable models to identify risk factors for hospitalizations among patients with mental illnesses and/or behavioral disorders and HRI. Results: Nondependent alcohol/drug abuse, dementia, and schizophrenia were among the disorders that were associated with increased frequency of HRI hospitalizations among MBD patients. Increased risk of MBD hospitalizations with HRI was observed for Males (RR, 3.06), African Americans (RR, 1.16), Native Americans (RR, 1.70), uninsured (RR, 1.92), and those 40 years and older, compared to MBD hospitalizations alone. Conclusions: Previous studies outside the U.S. have found that dementia and schizophrenia are significant risk factors for HRI hospitalizations. Our results suggest that hospitalizations among substance abusers may also be an important risk factor associated with heat morbidity. Improved understanding of these relative risks could help inform future public health strategies.

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  • Michael T Schmeltz & Janet L Gamble, 2017. "Risk characterization of hospitalizations for mental illness and/or behavioral disorders with concurrent heat-related illness," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0186509
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186509
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael T Schmeltz & Grace Sembajwe & Peter J Marcotullio & Jean A Grassman & David U Himmelstein & Stephanie Woolhandler, 2015. "Identifying Individual Risk Factors and Documenting the Pattern of Heat-Related Illness through Analyses of Hospitalization and Patterns of Household Cooling," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Helen Berry & Kathryn Bowen & Tord Kjellstrom, 2010. "Climate change and mental health: a causal pathways framework," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 55(2), pages 123-132, April.
    3. Bo Li & Steve Sain & Linda Mearns & Henry Anderson & Sari Kovats & Kristie Ebi & Marni Bekkedal & Marty Kanarek & Jonathan Patz, 2012. "The impact of extreme heat on morbidity in Milwaukee, Wisconsin," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 110(3), pages 959-976, February.
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    1. Lawrence A. Palinkas & Meaghan L. O’Donnell & Winnie Lau & Marleen Wong, 2020. "Strategies for Delivering Mental Health Services in Response to Global Climate Change: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-19, November.
    2. Timothy English & Matthew Larkin & Alejandro Vasquez Hernandez & Jennie Hutton & Jane Currie, 2022. "Heat Illness Requiring Emergency Care for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Case Study Series," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Julia Feriato Corvetto & Ammir Yacoub Helou & Peter Dambach & Thomas Müller & Rainer Sauerborn, 2023. "A Systematic Literature Review of the Impact of Climate Change on the Global Demand for Psychiatric Services," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-27, January.
    4. Heather Aydin-Ghormoz & Temilayo Adeyeye & Neil Muscatiello & Seema Nayak & Sanghamitra Savadatti & Tabassum Z. Insaf, 2022. "Identifying Risk Factors for Hospitalization with Behavioral Health Disorders and Concurrent Temperature-Related Illness in New York State," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Emily Y. Y. Chan & Holly C. Y. Lam & Suzanne H. W. So & William B. Goggins & Janice Y. Ho & Sida Liu & Phoebe P. W. Chung, 2018. "Association between Ambient Temperatures and Mental Disorder Hospitalizations in a Subtropical City: A Time-Series Study of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, April.

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