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Long-Term Apparent Temperature, Extreme Temperature Exposure, and Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study in China

Author

Listed:
  • Jianbo Jin

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Zhihu Xu

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Ru Cao

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Yuxin Wang

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Qiang Zeng

    (Department of Occupational Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China)

  • Xiaochuan Pan

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Jing Huang

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China)

  • Guoxing Li

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China)

Abstract

Temperature is increasingly understood to impact mental health. However, evidence of the long-term effect of temperature exposure on the risk of depressive symptoms is still scarce. Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study estimated associations between long-term apparent temperature, extreme temperature, and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. Results showed that a 1 °C increase or decrease from optimum apparent temperature (12.72 °C) was associated with a 2.7% (95% CI: 1.3%, 4.1%) and 2.3% (95% CI: 1.1%, 3.5%) increased risk of depressive symptoms, respectively. This study also found that each percent increase in annual change in ice days, cool nights, cool days, cold spell durations, and tropical nights was associated with higher risk of depressive symptoms, with HRs (95%CI) of 1.289 (1.114–1.491), 2.064 (1.507–2.825), 1.315 (1.061–1.631), 1.645 (1.306–2.072), and 1.344 (1.127–1.602), respectively. The results also indicated that people living in northern China have attenuated risk of low apparent temperature. Older people were also observed at higher risk relating to more cool nights. Middle-aged people, rural residents, and people with lower household income might have higher related risk of depressive symptoms due to increased tropical nights. Given the dual effect of climate change and global aging, these findings have great significance for policy making and adaptive strategies for long-term temperature and extreme temperature exposure.

Suggested Citation

  • Jianbo Jin & Zhihu Xu & Ru Cao & Yuxin Wang & Qiang Zeng & Xiaochuan Pan & Jing Huang & Guoxing Li, 2023. "Long-Term Apparent Temperature, Extreme Temperature Exposure, and Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3229-:d:1066205
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    References listed on IDEAS

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