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The Effect of Global Warming on Complex Disorders (Mental Disorders, Primary Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes)

Author

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  • Sarya Natur

    (Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel)

  • Odeya Damri

    (Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel)

  • Galila Agam

    (Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Psychiatry Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel)

Abstract

Multiple studies imply a strong relationship between global warming (GW) and complex disorders. This review summarizes such reports concentrating on three disorders—mental disorders (MD), primary hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We also attempt to point at potential mechanisms mediating the effect of GW on these disorders. Concerning mental disorders, immediate candidates are brain levels of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). In addition, given that heat stress increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels which may lead to blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and, hence, enhanced protein extravasation in the brain, this might finally cause, or exacerbate mental health. As for hypertension, since its causes are incompletely understood, the mechanism(s) by which heat exposure affects blood pressure (BP) is an open question. Since the kidneys participate in regulating blood volume and BP they are considered as a site of heat-associated disease, hence, we discuss hyperosmolarity as a potential mediator. In addition, we relate to autoimmunity, inflammation, sodium excretion, and HSP70 as risk factors that might play a role in the effect of heat on hypertension. In the case of T2D, we raise two potential mediators of the effect of exposure to ambient hot environment on the disease’s incidence—brown adipose tissue metabolism and HSPs.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarya Natur & Odeya Damri & Galila Agam, 2022. "The Effect of Global Warming on Complex Disorders (Mental Disorders, Primary Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-9, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9398-:d:877284
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Helen Berry & Kathryn Bowen & Tord Kjellstrom, 2010. "Climate change and mental health: a causal pathways framework," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 55(2), pages 123-132, April.
    2. Anja Stotz & Kilian Rapp & Juha Oksa & Dawn A. Skelton & Nina Beyer & Jochen Klenk & Clemens Becker & Ulrich Lindemann, 2014. "Effect of a Brief Heat Exposure on Blood Pressure and Physical Performance of Older Women Living in the Community—A Pilot-Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Xerxes T. Seposo & Tran Ngoc Dang & Yasushi Honda, 2017. "How Does Ambient Air Temperature Affect Diabetes Mortality in Tropical Cities?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-10, April.
    4. Mullins, Jamie T. & White, Corey, 2019. "Temperature and mental health: Evidence from the spectrum of mental health outcomes," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
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