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Heat Illness Requiring Emergency Care for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Case Study Series

Author

Listed:
  • Timothy English

    (Heat and Health Research Incubator, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia)

  • Matthew Larkin

    (Homeless Health Service, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia)

  • Alejandro Vasquez Hernandez

    (Homeless Health Service, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia)

  • Jennie Hutton

    (Emergency Department, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia)

  • Jane Currie

    (School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia)

Abstract

Extreme heat and hot weather has a negative impact on human health and society. Global warming has resulted in an increase in the frequency and duration of heatwaves. Heat-related illnesses are a significant negative consequence of high temperatures and can be life-threatening medical emergencies. The severity of the symptoms can depend on the pre-existing medical conditions and vary from mild headaches to severe cases that can lead to coma and death. The risk of heat-related illness may be higher for people experiencing homelessness due to a lack of access to cool places and water, and the complex interactions between mental illness, medications and substance use disorder. This paper presents two cases of people experiencing homelessness who were admitted to the emergency department of a hospital in Sydney, Australia during a heatwave in November 2020. Both cases were adult males with known risk factors for heat-related illness including hypertension and schizophrenia (Case One) and hepatitis C, cirrhosis, and alcohol use disorder (Case Two). These cases show that severe weather can not only be detrimental to homeless people’s health but can also cause a significant economic toll, evident by the $70,184 AUD expenditure on the care for these two cases. This case report highlights the requirement to determine the risk of heat-related illness to people experiencing homelessness and need to protect this vulnerable population from weather-related illness and death.

Suggested Citation

  • Timothy English & Matthew Larkin & Alejandro Vasquez Hernandez & Jennie Hutton & Jane Currie, 2022. "Heat Illness Requiring Emergency Care for People Experiencing Homelessness: A Case Study Series," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16565-:d:998756
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael T Schmeltz & Janet L Gamble, 2017. "Risk characterization of hospitalizations for mental illness and/or behavioral disorders with concurrent heat-related illness," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Mohammad S. Islam & Tianxin Fang & Callum Oldfield & Puchanee Larpruenrudee & Hamidreza Mortazavy Beni & Md. M. Rahman & Shahid Husain & Yuantong Gu, 2022. "Heat Wave and Bushfire Meteorology in New South Wales, Australia: Air Quality and Health Impacts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-29, August.
    3. Sven Schneider & Alexandra von Winning & Fiona Grüger & Stefan Anderer & Robert Hoffner & Lilian Anderson, 2022. "Physical Activity, Climate Change and Health—A Conceptual Model for Planning Public Health Action at the Organizational Level," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-13, April.
    4. Rebecca Hirschhorn & Oluwagbemiga DadeMatthews & JoEllen Sefton, 2021. "Exertional Heat Stroke Knowledge and Management among Emergency Medical Service Providers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-15, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Courtney Cronley & Amanda Fackler & Jennifer M. First & Sangwon Lee & Iris Tsouris, 2024. "Persons Experiencing Homelessness during Extreme Temperatures: Lessons for Promoting Socially Inclusive Adaptive Capacity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(8), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Matteo Paganini & Nikolaos Markou-Pappas & Francesco Della Corte & Paolo Rosi & Giulio Trillò & Marialuisa Ferramosca & Andrea Paoli & Federico Politi & Adriano Valerio & Andrea Favaro & Ives Hubloue , 2024. "Heatwaves Impact on Prehospital Emergency Medicine: A Qualitative Study to Improve Sustainability and Disaster Preparedness in Veneto Region, Northern Italy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-13, August.
    3. Emily J. Tetzlaff & Farah Mourad & Nicholas Goulet & Melissa Gorman & Rachel Siblock & Sean A. Kidd & Mariya Bezgrebelna & Glen P. Kenny, 2024. "“ Death Is a Possibility for Those without Shelter ”: A Thematic Analysis of News Coverage on Homelessness and the 2021 Heat Dome in Canada," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(4), pages 1-15, March.

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