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Two Different Views on the World Around Us: The World of Uniformity versus Diversity

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  • JaeHwan Kwon
  • Dhananjay Nayakankuppam

Abstract

We propose that when individuals believe in fixed traits of personality (entity theorists), they are likely to expect a world of “uniformity.” As such, they easily infer a population statistic from a small sample of data with confidence. In contrast, individuals who believe in malleable traits of personality (incremental theorists) are likely to presume a world of “diversity,” such that they “hesitate” to infer a population statistic from a similarly sized sample. In four laboratory experiments, we found that compared to incremental theorists, entity theorists estimated a population mean from a sample with a greater level of confidence (Studies 1a and 1b), expected more homogeneity among the entities within a population (Study 2), and perceived an extreme value to be more indicative of an outlier (Study 3). These results suggest that individuals are likely to use their implicit self-theory orientations (entity theory versus incremental theory) to see a population in general as a constitution either of homogeneous or heterogeneous entities.

Suggested Citation

  • JaeHwan Kwon & Dhananjay Nayakankuppam, 2016. "Two Different Views on the World Around Us: The World of Uniformity versus Diversity," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0168589
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168589
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    1. Jaehwan Kwon & Dhananjay Nayakankuppam, 2015. "Strength without Elaboration: The Role of Implicit Self-Theories in Forming and Accessing Attitudes," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 42(2), pages 316-339.
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