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The Association of Childhood Fitness to Proactive and Reactive Action Monitoring

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  • Keita Kamijo
  • Seongryu Bae
  • Hiroaki Masaki

Abstract

Several studies have claimed that the positive association between childhood fitness and cognitive control is attributable to differences in the child’s cognitive control strategy, which can involve either proactive or reactive control. The present study tested this hypothesis by manipulating the probability of trial types during a modified flanker task. Preadolescent children performed mostly congruent and mostly incongruent conditions of the flanker task, with post-error task performance and error negativity/error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) being assessed. Results indicated that greater aerobic fitness was related to greater post-error accuracy and larger Ne/ERN amplitudes in the mostly congruent condition. These findings suggest that higher-fit children might be able to transiently upregulate cognitive control by recruiting reactive control in the mostly congruent condition. Further, greater fitness was related to greater modulation of Ne/ERN amplitude between conditions, suggesting that higher-fit children engaged in more proactive control in the mostly incongruent condition. This study supports the hypothesis that greater childhood fitness is associated with a more flexible shift between reactive and proactive modes of cognitive control to adapt to varying task demands.

Suggested Citation

  • Keita Kamijo & Seongryu Bae & Hiroaki Masaki, 2016. "The Association of Childhood Fitness to Proactive and Reactive Action Monitoring," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(3), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0150691
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150691
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jessica R Andrews-Hanna & Kristen L Mackiewicz Seghete & Eric D Claus & Gregory C Burgess & Luka Ruzic & Marie T Banich, 2011. "Cognitive Control in Adolescence: Neural Underpinnings and Relation to Self-Report Behaviors," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(6), pages 1-14, June.
    2. Arthur F. Kramer & Sowon Hahn & Neal J. Cohen & Marie T. Banich & Edward McAuley & Catherine R. Harrison & Julie Chason & Eli Vakil & Lynn Bardell & Richard A. Boileau & Angela Colcombe, 1999. "Ageing, fitness and neurocognitive function," Nature, Nature, vol. 400(6743), pages 418-419, July.
    3. Matthew Botvinick & Leigh E. Nystrom & Kate Fissell & Cameron S. Carter & Jonathan D. Cohen, 1999. "Conflict monitoring versus selection-for-action in anterior cingulate cortex," Nature, Nature, vol. 402(6758), pages 179-181, November.
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