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Longitudinal Predictors of Functional Impairment in Older Adults in Europe – Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

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  • André Hajek
  • Hans-Helmut König

Abstract

Objective: To examine time-dependent predictors of functional impairment in older adults in Europe longitudinally. Methods: Data were derived from the Survey of Health Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (2004–2013). Functional impairment was assessed by using activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) indices. Fixed effects regressions were used to estimate the effects of sociodemographic factors (age, marital status, living situation, and income deciles (median split)), lifestyle factors (smoking status and alcohol consumption per week), depression, cognitive function and chronic diseases on the outcome variables. Results: Longitudinal regressions revealed that functional impairment increased significantly with age, the occurrence of depression, cognitive impairment, the number of chronic conditions, and less than daily alcohol consumption in the total sample and in both sexes. Moreover, the onset of smoking and living without a spouse/partner in household increased functional impairment in the total sample. The effect of depression on functional impairment was significantly more pronounced in men. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the relevance of changes in age, depression, cognitive function, smoking and chronic diseases for functional impairment. Since particularly depression and smoking may be avoidable, developing strategies to prevent depression or stop smoking might be useful approaches to postpone functional impairment in older adults.

Suggested Citation

  • André Hajek & Hans-Helmut König, 2016. "Longitudinal Predictors of Functional Impairment in Older Adults in Europe – Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0146967
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146967
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    2. Kitty S. Chan & Judith D. Kasper & Jason Brandt & Liliana E. Pezzin, 2012. "Measurement Equivalence in ADL and IADL Difficulty Across International Surveys of Aging: Findings From the HRS, SHARE, and ELSA," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 67(1), pages 121-132.
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    5. Stuck, Andreas E. & Walthert, Jutta M. & Nikolaus, Thorsten & Büla, Christophe J. & Hohmann, Christoph & Beck, John C., 1999. "Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: a systematic literature review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 48(4), pages 445-469, February.
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    1. Berkers, Eline & Cloïn, Mariëlle & Pop, Ioana, 2021. "Informal help in a local setting: The Dutch Social Support Act in practice," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(1), pages 47-53.

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