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Malva sylvestris Inhibits Inflammatory Response in Oral Human Cells. An In Vitro Infection Model

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  • Bruna Benso
  • Pedro Luiz Rosalen
  • Severino Matias Alencar
  • Ramiro Mendonça Murata

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Malva sylvestris extract (MSE) and fractions in a co-culture model of cells infected by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, we evaluated the phytochemical content in the extract and fractions of M. sylvestris and demonstrated that polyphenols were the most frequent group in all samples studied. An in vitro dual-chamber model to mimic the periodontal structure was developed using a monolayer of epithelial keratinocytes (OBA-9) and a subepithelial layer of fibroblasts (HGF-1). The invasive periodontopathogen A. actinomycetemcomitans (D7S-1) was applied to migrate through the cell layers and induce the synthesis of immune factors and cytokines in the host cells. In an attempt to analyze the antimicrobial properties of MSE and fractions, a susceptibility test was carried out. The extract (MIC 175 μg/mL, MBC 500μg/mL) and chloroform fraction (MIC 150 μg/mL, MBC 250 μg/mL) were found to have inhibitory activity. The extract and all fractions were assessed using a cytotoxicity test and results showed that concentrations under 100 μg/mL did not significantly reduce cell viability compared to the control group (p > 0.05, viability > 90%). In order to analyze the inflammatory response, transcriptional factors and cytokines were quantified in the supernatant released from the cells. The chloroform fraction was the most effective in reducing the bacterial colonization (p

Suggested Citation

  • Bruna Benso & Pedro Luiz Rosalen & Severino Matias Alencar & Ramiro Mendonça Murata, 2015. "Malva sylvestris Inhibits Inflammatory Response in Oral Human Cells. An In Vitro Infection Model," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(10), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0140331
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140331
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    1. Tsang, Eric W. K., 2014. "Old and New," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(03), pages 390-390, November.
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