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Yoga for Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

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  • Holger Cramer
  • Romy Lauche
  • Hoda Azizi
  • Gustav Dobos
  • Jost Langhorst

Abstract

While yoga seems to be effective in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, the evidence of efficacy in multiple sclerosis remains unclear. The aim of this review was to systematically assess and meta-analyze the available data on efficacy and safety of yoga in patients with multiple sclerosis. Medline/PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, CAM-Quest, CAMbase, and IndMED were searched through March 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of yoga for patients with multiple sclerosis were included if they assessed health-related quality of life, fatigue, and/or mobility. Mood, cognitive function, and safety were defined as secondary outcome measures. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Seven RCTs with a total of 670 patients were included. Evidence for short-term effects of yoga compared to usual care were found for fatigue (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.52; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = −1.02 to −0.02; p = 0.04; heterogeneity: I2 = 60%; Chi2 = 7.43; p = 0.06) and mood (SMD = −0.55; 95%CI = −0.96 to −0.13; p = 0.01; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%; Chi2 = 1.25; p = 0.53), but not for health-related quality of life, muscle function, or cognitive function. The effects on fatigue and mood were not robust against bias. No short-term or longer term effects of yoga compared to exercise were found. Yoga was not associated with serious adverse events. In conclusion, since no methodological sound evidence was found, no recommendation can be made regarding yoga as a routine intervention for patients with multiple sclerosis. Yoga might be considered a treatment option for patients who are not adherent to recommended exercise regimens.

Suggested Citation

  • Holger Cramer & Romy Lauche & Hoda Azizi & Gustav Dobos & Jost Langhorst, 2014. "Yoga for Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0112414
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112414
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    2. Susan Armijo-Olivo & Maria Ospina & Bruno R da Costa & Matthias Egger & Humam Saltaji & Jorge Fuentes & Christine Ha & Greta G Cummings, 2014. "Poor Reliability between Cochrane Reviewers and Blinded External Reviewers When Applying the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool in Physical Therapy Trials," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(5), pages 1-10, May.
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    1. Juliane Piasseschi de Bernardin Gonçalves & Giancarlo Lucchetti & Paulo Rossi Menezes & Homero Vallada, 2017. "Complementary religious and spiritual interventions in physical health and quality of life: A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(10), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Isabelle Soulé & Chloé Littzen-Brown & Amber L. Vermeesch & Layla Garrigues, 2022. "Expanding the Mind–Body–Environment Connection to Enhance the Development of Cultural Humility," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-8, October.
    3. Javier Martinez-Calderon & Maria de-la-Casa-Almeida & Javier Matias-Soto, 2022. "The Effects of Mind–Body Exercises on Chronic Spinal Pain Outcomes: A Synthesis Based on 72 Meta-Analyses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-23, September.

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