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The Effects of Mind–Body Exercises on Chronic Spinal Pain Outcomes: A Synthesis Based on 72 Meta-Analyses

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  • Javier Martinez-Calderon

    (Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
    Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain)

  • Maria de-la-Casa-Almeida

    (Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Javier Matias-Soto

    (Uncertainty, Mindfulness, Self, Spirituality (UMSS) Research Group, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain
    Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Arquitecto Francisco Peñalosa, 3, 29071 Malaga, Spain)

Abstract

An umbrella review of systematic reviews with a meta-analysis was developed to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of qigong, tai chi, and yoga in chronic spinal pain outcomes. The CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases were searched. Pain, psychological factors, and quality of life (QOL) were the outcomes of interest. The methodological quality of the reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 tool. The overlap was calculated using the corrected covered area. A total of 72 meta-analyses drawn from 20 systematic reviews were included and often were rated at a critically low quality. The effects of qigong on chronic low back and neck pain (CLBP and CNP, respectively) were inconsistent, although it improved the physical component of QOL after 12 weeks for CNP. Tai chi was superior to the controls in reducing CLBP; no reviews of interest were found on CNP. Yoga was superior to multiple controls in reducing CLBP, but no relevant effects on depression or QOL were found. QOL, anxiety, depression, and general mood improved with yoga for CNP. Inconsistencies arose related to yoga and CNP. Our findings mainly supported the potential effects of yoga and tai chi on pain-related outcomes, psychological factors, and QOL in populations with CLBP and NP. Clinical and methodological considerations were discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier Martinez-Calderon & Maria de-la-Casa-Almeida & Javier Matias-Soto, 2022. "The Effects of Mind–Body Exercises on Chronic Spinal Pain Outcomes: A Synthesis Based on 72 Meta-Analyses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12062-:d:923558
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feilong Zhu & Ming Zhang & Dan Wang & Qianqin Hong & Cheng Zeng & Wei Chen, 2020. "Yoga compared to non-exercise or physical therapy exercise on pain, disability, and quality of life for patients with chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, September.
    2. Wendy Wing Yan So & Erin Yiqing Lu & Wai Ming Cheung & Hector Wing Hong Tsang, 2020. "Comparing Mindful and Non-Mindful Exercises on Alleviating Anxiety Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-16, November.
    3. George A Kelley & Kristi S Kelley, 2015. "Meditative Movement Therapies and Health-Related Quality-of-Life in Adults: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-18, June.
    4. Holger Cramer & Romy Lauche & Hoda Azizi & Gustav Dobos & Jost Langhorst, 2014. "Yoga for Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-11, November.
    5. Qi-ling Yuan & Tuan-mao Guo & Liang Liu & Fu Sun & Yin-gang Zhang, 2015. "Traditional Chinese Medicine for Neck Pain and Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(2), pages 1-37, February.
    6. Ferran Cuenca-Martínez & Joaquín Calatayud & Luis Suso-Martí & Clovis Varangot-Reille & Aida Herranz-Gómez & María Blanco-Díaz & José Casaña, 2022. "Behavior Modification Techniques on Patients with Chronic Pain in the Context of COVID-19 Telerehabilitation: An Umbrella Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-15, April.
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