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The Economic Burden of Self-Reported and Undiagnosed Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes on Indonesian Households

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  • Eric A Finkelstein
  • Junxing Chay
  • Shailendra Bajpai

Abstract

Objectives: The goal of this study is: (1) to estimate the current direct out-of-pocket (OOP) and indirect non-communicable diseases (NCD) burden on Indonesian households and (2) to project NCD prevalence and burden in 2020 focusing specifically on hypertension, diabetes, heart problems and stroke. Methods: This study relies on econometric analyses based on four waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS). Results: In aggregate, of the NCDs studied, heart problems exert the greatest economic burden on households, costing Int$1.56 billion in OOP and indirect burden in 2010. This was followed by hypertension (Int$1.36 billion), diabetes (Int$0.81 billion) and stroke (Int$0.29 billion). The OOP and indirect burden of these conditions is estimated to be Int$4.02 billion. Diabetes and stroke are expected to have the largest proportional increases in burden by 2020; 56.0% for diabetes and 56.9% for stroke to total Int$1.27 billion and Int$0.45 billion respectively. The burden of heart problems in 2020 is expected to increase by 34.4% to total Int$2.09 billion and hypertension burden will increase by 46.1% to Int$1.99 billion. In 2020, these conditions are expected to impose an economic burden of Int$5.80 billion. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates the significant burden of 4 primary NCDs on Indonesian households. In addition to the indirect burden, hypertension, diabetes, heart problems and stroke account for 8% of the nation's OOP healthcare expenditure, and due to rising disease prevalence and an aging population, this figure is expected to increase to 12% by 2020 without a significant health intervention.

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  • Eric A Finkelstein & Junxing Chay & Shailendra Bajpai, 2014. "The Economic Burden of Self-Reported and Undiagnosed Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes on Indonesian Households," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(6), pages 1-8, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0099572
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099572
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    1. Qun Wang & Alex Z Fu & Stephan Brenner & Olivier Kalmus & Hastings Thomas Banda & Manuela De Allegri, 2015. "Out-of-Pocket Expenditure on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Rural Malawi," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Yi-Ching Lynn Ho & Vivian Shu Yi Lee & Moon-Ho Ringo Ho & Gladis Jing Lin & Julian Thumboo, 2021. "Towards a Parsimonious Pathway Model of Modifiable and Mediating Risk Factors Leading to Diabetes Risk," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-20, October.
    3. Lim, Sung Soo, 2020. "Parental chronic illness and child education: Evidence from children in Indonesia," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    4. Da Feng & Ray Serrano & Ting Ye & Shangfeng Tang & Lei Duan & Yuan Xu & Jian Yang & Yuan Liang & Shanquan Chen & Zhanchun Feng & Liang Zhang, 2016. "What Contributes to the Regularity of Patients with Hypertension or Diabetes Seeking Health Services? A Pilot Follow-Up, Observational Study in Two Sites in Hubei Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-14, December.

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