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The Value of Emotion: How Does Episodic Prospection Modulate Delay Discounting?

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  • Lei Liu
  • Tingyong Feng
  • Jing Chen
  • Hong Li

Abstract

Background: Humans often show impatience when making intertemporal choice for monetary rewards, preferring small rewards delivered immediately to larger rewards delivered after a delay, which reflects a fundamental psychological principle: delay discounting. However, we propose that episodic prospection humans can vividly envisage exerts a strong and broad influence on individuals' delay discounting. Specifically, episodic prospection may affect individuals' intertemporal choice by the negative or positive emotion of prospection. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study explored how episodic prospection modulated delay discounting by emotion. Study 1 showed that participants were more inclined to choose the delayed but larger rewards when they imaged positive future events than when they did not image events; Study 2 showed that participants were more inclined to choose the immediate but smaller rewards when they imaged negative future events than when they did not image events; In contrast, study 3 showed that choice preferences of participants when they imaged neutral future events were the same as when they did not image events. Conclusions/Significance: By manipulating the emotion valence of episodic prospection, our findings suggested that positive emotion made individuals tend to choose delayed rewards, while negative emotion made individuals tend to choose immediate rewards. Only imaging events with neutral emotion did not affect individuals' choice preference. Thus, the valence of imaged future events' emotion might play an important role in individuals' intertemporal choice. It is possible that the valence of emotion may affect the changed direction (promote or inhibit) of individuals' delay discounting, while the ability to image future events affects the changed degree of individuals' delay discounting.

Suggested Citation

  • Lei Liu & Tingyong Feng & Jing Chen & Hong Li, 2013. "The Value of Emotion: How Does Episodic Prospection Modulate Delay Discounting?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(11), pages 1-7, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0081717
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081717
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    2. Lempert, Karolina M. & Parthasarathi, Trishala & Linhares, Samantha & Ruh, Natalia & Kable, Joseph W., 2024. "Positive autobiographical memory recall does not influence temporal discounting: An internal meta-analysis of experimental studies," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
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    5. Smyth, Laura J. & Cruise, Sharon M. & Tang, Jianjun & Young, Ian & McGuinness, Bernadette & Kee, Frank & McKnight, Amy Jayne, 2023. "Differential methylation in CD44 and SEC23A is associated with time preference in older individuals," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    6. Gideon P. Naudé & Sean B. Dolan & Justin C. Strickland & Meredith S. Berry & David J. Cox & Matthew W. Johnson, 2021. "The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-15, November.
    7. Uddin, Main & Wang, Liang Choon & Smyth, Russell, 2021. "Do government-initiated energy comparison sites encourage consumer search and lower prices? Evidence from an online randomized controlled experiment in Australia," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 167-182.
    8. Rita Abdel Sater, 2021. "Essays on the application of behavioural insights to environmental policy [Essais sur l’application des connaissances comportementales aux politiques environnementales]," SciencePo Working papers Main tel-03450909, HAL.
    9. Kausel, Edgar E. & Reyes, Tomas & Larach, Francisco & Chacon, Alvaro & Enei, Gonzalo, 2024. "Does enhancing the vividness in connection with the future self increase savings behavior? A field experiment," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    10. Richard J. O’Connor & Ellen Carl & Alina Shevorykin & Jeffrey S. Stein & Darian Vantucci & Amylynn Liskiewicz & Lindsey Bensch & Hannah Thorner & Matthew Marion & Andrew Hyland & Christine E. Sheffer, 2021. "Internal Validity of Two Promising Methods of Altering Temporal Orientation among Cigarette Smokers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-14, November.
    11. Segovia, Michelle S. & Palma, Marco A. & Nayga, Rodolfo M., 2020. "Can episodic future thinking affect food choices?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 371-389.

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