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The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand

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  • Gideon P. Naudé

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA)

  • Sean B. Dolan

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA)

  • Justin C. Strickland

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA)

  • Meredith S. Berry

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA)

  • David J. Cox

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA)

  • Matthew W. Johnson

    (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA)

Abstract

Delay discounting and operant demand are two behavioral economic constructs that tend to covary, by degree, with cigarette smoking status. Given historically robust associations between adverse health outcomes of smoking, a strong preference for immediate reinforcement (measured with delay discounting), and excessive motivation to smoke cigarettes (measured with operant demand), researchers have made numerous attempts to attenuate the extent to which behaviors corresponding to these constructs acutely appear in smokers. One approach is episodic future thinking, which can reportedly increase the impact of future events on present decision making as well as reduce the reinforcing value of cigarettes. Graphic cigarette pack warning labels may also reduce smoking by increased future orientation. Experiment 1 evaluated the combined effects of episodic future thinking and graphic warning labels on delay discounting; Experiment 2 evaluated solely the effects of episodic future thinking on delay discounting and operant demand. We observed no statistically significant effects of episodic future thinking when combined with graphic warning labels or when assessed on its own. These results serve as a call for further research on the boundary conditions of experimental techniques reported to alter behaviors associated with cigarette smoking.

Suggested Citation

  • Gideon P. Naudé & Sean B. Dolan & Justin C. Strickland & Meredith S. Berry & David J. Cox & Matthew W. Johnson, 2021. "The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12637-:d:692037
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Warren K Bickel & A George Wilson & Chen Chen & Mikhail N Koffarnus & Christopher T Franck, 2016. "Stuck in Time: Negative Income Shock Constricts the Temporal Window of Valuation Spanning the Future and the Past," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(9), pages 1-11, September.
    2. Lei Liu & Tingyong Feng & Jing Chen & Hong Li, 2013. "The Value of Emotion: How Does Episodic Prospection Modulate Delay Discounting?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(11), pages 1-7, November.
    3. Lauren R. Pacek & Meredith S. Berry & Olga Rass & Melissa Mercincavage & F. Joseph McClernon & Matthew W. Johnson, 2019. "Graphic Warning Labels Affect Hypothetical Cigarette Purchasing Behavior among Smokers Living with HIV," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-13, September.
    4. Hollie L. Tripp & Justin C. Strickland & Melissa Mercincavage & Janet Audrain-McGovern & Eric C. Donny & Andrew A. Strasser, 2021. "Tailored Cigarette Warning Messages: How Individualized Loss Aversion and Delay Discounting Rates Can Influence Perceived Message Effectiveness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-11, October.
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    1. Mario Cesare Nurchis & Marcello Di Pumpo & Alessio Perilli & Giuseppe Greco & Gianfranco Damiani, 2023. "Nudging Interventions on Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption in Adults: A Scoping Review of the Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-10, January.

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