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Who Cries Wolf, and When? Manipulation of Perceived Threats to Preserve Rank in Cooperative Groups

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  • Pat Barclay
  • Stephen Benard

Abstract

People perform greater within-group cooperation when their groups face external threats, such as hostile outgroups or natural disasters. Researchers and social commentators suggest that high-ranking group members manipulate this “threat-dependent” cooperation by exaggerating threats in order to promote cooperation and suppress competition for their position. However, little systematic research tests this claim or possible situational moderators. In three studies, we use a cooperative group game to show that participants pay to increase others’ perceptions of group threats, and spend more on manipulation when holding privileged positions. This manipulation cost-effectively elicits cooperation and sustains privilege, and is fostered by competition over position, not only position per se. Less cooperative people do more manipulation than more cooperative people do. Furthermore, these effects generalize to broader definitions of privilege. Conceptually, these results offer new insights into an understudied dimension of group behavior. Methodologically, the research extends cooperative group games to allow for analyzing more complex group dynamics.

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  • Pat Barclay & Stephen Benard, 2013. "Who Cries Wolf, and When? Manipulation of Perceived Threats to Preserve Rank in Cooperative Groups," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-13, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0073863
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073863
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    Cited by:

    1. Stephen Benard & Pat Barclay, 2020. "Democratic Competition for Rank, Cooperation, and Deception in Small Groups," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 101(7), pages 2413-2436, December.

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