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PACo: A Novel Procrustes Application to Cophylogenetic Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Juan Antonio Balbuena
  • Raúl Míguez-Lozano
  • Isabel Blasco-Costa

Abstract

We present Procrustean Approach to Cophylogeny (PACo), a novel statistical tool to test for congruence between phylogenetic trees, or between phylogenetic distance matrices of associated taxa. Unlike previous tests, PACo evaluates the dependence of one phylogeny upon the other. This makes it especially appropriate to test the classical coevolutionary model that assumes that parasites that spend part of their life in or on their hosts track the phylogeny of their hosts. The new method does not require fully resolved phylogenies and allows for multiple host-parasite associations. PACo produces a Procrustes superimposition plot enabling a graphical assessment of the fit of the parasite phylogeny onto the host phylogeny and a goodness-of-fit statistic, whose significance is established by randomization of the host-parasite association data. The contribution of each individual host-parasite association to the global fit is measured by means of jackknife estimation of their respective squared residuals and confidence intervals associated to each host-parasite link. We carried out different simulations to evaluate the performance of PACo in terms of Type I and Type II errors with respect to two similar published tests. In most instances, PACo performed at least as well as the other tests and showed higher overall statistical power. In addition, the jackknife estimation of squared residuals enabled more elaborate validations about the nature of individual links than the ParaFitLink1 test of the program ParaFit. In order to demonstrate how it can be used in real biological situations, we applied PACo to two published studies using a script written in the public-domain statistical software R.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Antonio Balbuena & Raúl Míguez-Lozano & Isabel Blasco-Costa, 2013. "PACo: A Novel Procrustes Application to Cophylogenetic Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(4), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0061048
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061048
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Angus Buckling & Paul B. Rainey, 2002. "The role of parasites in sympatric and allopatric host diversification," Nature, Nature, vol. 420(6915), pages 496-499, December.
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