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Poverty in Pakistan: Increasing Incidence, Chronic Gender Preponderance, and the Plausibility of Grameen-type Intermediation

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  • Nabeel A. Goheer

    (The Planning Commission, Islamabad.)

Abstract

Pakistan is a large country with a population estimated at 130.580 million.1 The economy has a low-income of US$ 490 per capita, with an estimated Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) of US$ 2230.2 It has managed to achieve substantial economic growth in the past thirty years until the dawn of 1990s. The growth rate has averaged 6.8 percent, 4.8 percent and 6.5 percent in 1960s, 70s and 80s, respectively.3 Evidence from the National Income Accounts, Household Surveys and time series data on the real wages of unskilled workers shows that economic growth has contributed to reduce consumption poverty4 in Pakistan. The table placed as Appendix A at the end shows that GDP per capita has increased in real terms by about 63 percent between 1972-73 and 1990-91. Private consumption per capita also increased in real terms by about 36 percent. Despite the fact that the population has nearly doubled during the period, there have been gains in income and consumption in per capita terms.5 Further evidence of the decline in consumption poverty comes from various research studies in the past. These studies have generally used Household Integrated Economic Surveys (HIES) and estimated the incidence of poverty by using various definitions.

Suggested Citation

  • Nabeel A. Goheer, 1999. "Poverty in Pakistan: Increasing Incidence, Chronic Gender Preponderance, and the Plausibility of Grameen-type Intermediation," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 38(4), pages 873-894.
  • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:38:y:1999:i:4:p:873-894
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Bank, 1997. "World Development Report 1997," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 5980.
    2. Schuler, Sidney Ruth & Hashemi, Syed Mesbahuddin & Riley, Ann P., 1997. "The influence of women's changing roles and status in Bangladesh's fertility transition: Evidence from a study of credit programs and contraceptive use," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 25(4), pages 563-575, January.
    3. Hoff, Karla, 2008. "Joseph E. Stiglitz," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4478, The World Bank.
    4. Hoff, Karla & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1990. "Imperfect Information and Rural Credit Markets--Puzzles and Policy Perspectives," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 4(3), pages 235-250, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Raphael BAR-EL & Dafna SCHWARTZ, 2003. "Economic Growth, Inequality And Spatial Demographic Distribution: A Brazilian Case," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 18, pages 147-170.
    2. Israr Fahad & Ali Rehmat, 2013. "Impact Of Macroeconomic Policies On Poverty Alleviation In Pakistan," Romanian Economic Business Review, Romanian-American University, vol. 8(4), pages 48-60, december.

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