IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/pbapdi/v15y2019i3d10.1057_s41254-019-00115-9.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Identifying Sports Diplomacy Resources as Soft Power Tools

Author

Listed:
  • Kambiz Abdi

    (Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM))

  • Mahdi Talebpour

    (Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM))

  • Jami Fullerton

    (Oklahoma State University)

  • Mohammad Javad Ranjkesh

    (Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM))

  • Hadi Jabbari Nooghabi

    (Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM))

Abstract

Although hosting international high-profile sporting events such as the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup are attractive soft power tools for governments to achieve public diplomacy goals, not all sports diplomacy efforts are mega-sporting events. This study explores the use of sports diplomacy by nations and attempts to identify the most applicable sports diplomacy resources available to governments to employ as soft power tools. The data for this research are composed of 30 online surveys completed by international experts in the fields of sports and public diplomacy. The responses were qualitatively analyzed using the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). After running two rounds of fuzzy Delphi, sports diplomacy resources were classified into three categories: “Sports Events,” “Sports Human Capitals,” and “Sports Products.” Further, “sports players”; “women’s sports”; “hosting/participating in regional, international, continental, or global events”; “coaches”; and “authentic sports leagues” were identified as the most important sports diplomacy resources.

Suggested Citation

  • Kambiz Abdi & Mahdi Talebpour & Jami Fullerton & Mohammad Javad Ranjkesh & Hadi Jabbari Nooghabi, 2019. "Identifying Sports Diplomacy Resources as Soft Power Tools," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 15(3), pages 147-155, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:pbapdi:v:15:y:2019:i:3:d:10.1057_s41254-019-00115-9
    DOI: 10.1057/s41254-019-00115-9
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41254-019-00115-9
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41254-019-00115-9?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mark M. Miller, 1993. "Enhancing Regional Analysis With The Delphi Method," The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, vol. 23(2), pages 191-212, Fall.
    2. Kambiz Abdi & Mahdi Talebpour & Jami Fullerton & Mohammad Javad Ranjkesh & Hadi Jabbari Nooghabi, 2018. "Converting sports diplomacy to diplomatic outcomes: Introducing a sports diplomacy model," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 21(4), pages 365-381, December.
    3. Ian Masser & Paul Foley, 1987. "Delphi Revisited: Expert Opinion in Urban Analysis," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 24(3), pages 217-225, June.
    4. Håvard Mokleiv Nygård & Scott Gates, 2013. "Soft power at home and abroad: Sport diplomacy, politics and peace-building," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 16(3), pages 235-243, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yoav Dubinsky, 2023. "The Olympic Games, nation branding, and public diplomacy in a post-pandemic world: Reflections on Tokyo 2020 and beyond," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(3), pages 386-397, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Thomas Yaw Voets, 2023. "“Visit Rwanda”: a well primed public relations campaign or a genuine attempt at improving the country’s image abroad?," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(1), pages 143-154, March.
    2. Makkonen, Marika & Hujala, Teppo & Uusivuori, Jussi, 2016. "Policy experts' propensity to change their opinion along Delphi rounds," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 61-68.
    3. Hsin-Ke Lu & Sung-Chun Tsai & Peng-Chun Lin & Kuo-Chung Chu & Alexander N. Chen, 2020. "Toward a New Real-Time Approach for Group Consensus: A Usability Analysis of Synchronous Delphi System," Group Decision and Negotiation, Springer, vol. 29(2), pages 345-370, April.
    4. A. Salehnasab & J. Feghi & A. Danekar & J. Soosani & A. Dastranj, 2016. "Forest park site selection based on a Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process framework (Case study: the Galegol Basin, Lorestan province, Iran)," Journal of Forest Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 62(6), pages 253-263.
    5. Mark M. Miller, 1993. "Enhancing Regional Analysis With The Delphi Method," The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, vol. 23(2), pages 191-212, Fall.
    6. Esmaelnezhad, Danial & Taghizadeh-Yazdi, Mohammadreza & Amoozad Mahdiraji, Hannan & Vrontis, Demetris, 2023. "International strategic alliances for collaborative product Innovation: An agent-based scenario analysis in biopharmaceutical industry," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    7. Raul Caruso & Marco Di Domizio & David A. Savage, 2015. "Hic Sunt Leones! The role of national identity on aggressiveness between national football teams," DISCE - Quaderni del Dipartimento di Politica Economica ispe0076, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE).
    8. Kambiz Abdi & Mahdi Talebpour & Jami Fullerton & Mohammad Javad Ranjkesh & Hadi Jabbari Nooghabi, 2018. "Converting sports diplomacy to diplomatic outcomes: Introducing a sports diplomacy model," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 21(4), pages 365-381, December.
    9. Ballantyne, Roy & Hughes, Karen & Bond, Nigel, 2016. "Using a Delphi approach to identify managers' preferences for visitor interpretation at Canterbury Cathedral World Heritage Site," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 72-80.
    10. Michał Marcin Kobierecki, 2023. "Sport at the World Expo. Analysis of sports diplomacy at the non-sporting event," Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(4), pages 413-425, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:pbapdi:v:15:y:2019:i:3:d:10.1057_s41254-019-00115-9. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.palgrave.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.