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The role of population size in folk tune complexity

Author

Listed:
  • Sally E. Street

    (Durham University
    Durham University
    Durham University)

  • Tuomas Eerola

    (Durham University)

  • Jeremy R. Kendal

    (Durham University
    Durham University
    Durham University)

Abstract

Demography, particularly population size, plays a key role in cultural complexity. However, the relationship between population size and complexity appears to vary across domains: while studies of technology typically find a positive correlation, the opposite is true for language, and the role of population size in complexity in the arts remains to be established. Here, we investigate the relationship between population size and complexity in music using Irish folk session tunes as a case study. Using analyses of a large online folk tune dataset, we show that popular tunes played by larger communities of musicians have diversified into a greater number of different versions which encompass more variation in melodic complexity compared with less popular tunes. However, popular tunes also tend to be intermediate in melodic complexity and variation in complexity for popular tunes is lower than expected given the increased number of tune versions. We also find that user preferences for individual tune versions are more skewed in popular tunes. Taken together, these results suggest that while larger populations create more frequent opportunities for musical innovation, they encourage convergence upon intermediate levels of melodic complexity due to a widespread inverse U-shaped relationship between complexity and aesthetic preference. We explore the assumptions underlying our empirical analyses further using simple simulations of tune diffusion through populations of different sizes, finding that a combination of biased copying and structured populations appears most consistent with our results. Our study demonstrates a unique relationship between population size and cultural complexity in the arts, confirming that the relationship between population size and cultural complexity is domain-dependent, rather than universal.

Suggested Citation

  • Sally E. Street & Tuomas Eerola & Jeremy R. Kendal, 2022. "The role of population size in folk tune complexity," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:9:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-022-01139-y
    DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01139-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hadfield, Jarrod D., 2010. "MCMC Methods for Multi-Response Generalized Linear Mixed Models: The MCMCglmm R Package," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 33(i02).
    2. Patrick E. Savage, 2019. "Cultural evolution of music," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 5(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Maxime Derex & Marie-Pauline Beugin & Bernard Godelle & Michel Raymond, 2013. "Experimental evidence for the influence of group size on cultural complexity," Nature, Nature, vol. 503(7476), pages 389-391, November.
    4. Kobayashi, Yutaka & Aoki, Kenichi, 2012. "Innovativeness, population size and cumulative cultural evolution," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 82(1), pages 38-47.
    5. Mark Collard & April Ruttle & Briggs Buchanan & Michael J O’Brien, 2013. "Population Size and Cultural Evolution in Nonindustrial Food-Producing Societies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-1, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fabian C. Moss & Robert Lieck & Martin Rohrmeier, 2024. "Computational modeling of interval distributions in tonal space reveals paradigmatic stylistic changes in Western music history," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.

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